Table of Content

10 February 1998, Volume 17 Issue 01

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Studies of Ecological Effect of Germanium Element on Some Physiological Characteristics of the Rice

Xu Chongshan, Tang Jianjun

1998, (1):  1-8. 

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Influences of progressive stress of Germanium on some physiological characteristics of the indica hybrid rice Shanyou 63 grown in Yoshida nutrition solution were studied under a greenhouse condition in 1993 and 1994. There was antagonism between germanium and silica uptake. Absorption of potassium and silica was significantly depressed because of presence of the germanium in nutrition solution, whereas contents of Fe and Mn in the functional leaves were decreased significantly. Low concentration(<0.05 μg·ml^-1)of germanium slightly increased root oxidizing activities, DNA and RNA contents in the functional leaves at booting stage, and stored carbohydrates in the leaves at late tillering stage. Generally, continuous presence of germanium significantly decreased root oxidizing activity, total content of chlorophyll and soluble protein in the functional leaves, DNA and RNA synthesis, content of potassium and silica element in the leaves, but promoted the peroxidase activity and increased the content of Fe and Mn element in the functional leaves. Germanium also decreased the accumulation of phosphorus in the brown rice.

Study of Biomass and Production of the Forest of Quercus mongolica in Wuling Mountain

Wang Deyi, Cai Wanbo, Li Dongyi, Feng Xuequan, Feng Tianjie, Li Yongning

1998, (1):  9-15,34. 

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The research of biomass and production of the forest of Quercus mongolica in Wuling Mountain was undertaken. The results showed that total biomass of the Quercus mongolica stand in the Mountain was 132.711t穐a^-1 with the aboveground biomass of 96.891t,in which arbor covers 94.140t穐a^-1,young tree 1.643t穐a^-1,shrub 0.949t穐a^-1 and herb 0.159t穐a^-1.Root biomass was 35.820t穐a^-1,in which arbor covers 28.972t穐a^-1,young tree 3.360t穐a^-1,shrub 2.114t穐a^-1,and herb 1.374t穐a^-1.Net production of the community was 9.184t穐a^-1 穣r^-1,in which arbor covers 7.620t穐a^-1,young tree 0.726t穐a^-1,shrub 0.542t穐a^-1,herb 0.296t穐a^-1.The leaf area index of arbor was 3.733t穐a^-1. According to the leaf weight and area, efficiency of the dry-matter production was 1.934t穐a^-1 穣r^-1,and 2.041t穐a^-1 穣r^-1, and 2.041t穐a^-1 穣r^-1 respectively.Its biomass and production were higher than those of other oak stands in waerm temperate zone.The Quercus mongolica stand in Wuling Mountain Natural Reserve should be protected as an example of Quercus mongolica forest ecosystem in warm_temperate zone.

Study of Applying Peat Amelioration in Soda_Solonchak Cultivation of Dry Corn in the Inland of Northeast China

Jin Fenghe, Yasushi Nishizaki, Tatsuaki Yamaguchi, Yin Huaining, Bai Hongxiang, Zheng Yingshun

1998, (1):  16-21. 

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Soda_solonchak in the inland of northeast China is one of the difficultly ameliorate soil types and further improvement study for cultivation of the dry crop is still rare. On condition of cultivating corn, The field experiments of applying good peat to ameliorate the soil were carried out. The results showed that applying more peat can obviously lower bad physical and chemical property of the soil such as soluble salt content, pH_value, high alkalinity etc. In the meantime, soil fertility, especially the content of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus in agric horizon had notably increased. Correspondingly, production of the cultivated corn in the tests reached 5.6-6.8 tons per hectare, 1.3-1.8 times as many as the original one.

Study of Improving Ecological Environment by Horizontal Trough at the District of Low Mountains and Hills in Western Liaoning Province

Lu Changai, Liang Jilu, Wang Hong

1998, (1):  22-26. 

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Horizontal trough project, combined with biological measures, decreased soil evaporation; improved soil physical properties, including mechanic composition, porosity, volume weight, hydraulic conductivity and some soil chemical properties, such as the content of organic matter, total N and P, available N and P. The bare mountains and hills have been become good properties of water and nutrient storing and supplying. It reversed vicious circle of nature ecological environment and turned bare mountains and hills with heavy loss of the soil and water and poor soil into the forest and fruit base that could conserve soil and water, build up fuel forest, produce dry fruit and develope aquaculture.

Study of Interspecific Relationship of the Herons

Wen Zhenzhong, Wang Qinglin, Sun Ruyong

1998, (1):  27-34. 

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The interspecific relationship among Nycticorax nycticorax,Egretta eulophotes, Egretta garzetta, Bubulus ibis and Ardeola bacchus during breeding period was analysed.Inner and interspecific coordinate evolution and competition relationships in the mixed population of herons were discussed in aspects of vertical and level distribution, time_difference of breeding and feeding, feeding structure and feeding place differentiation. The basic regulations were illustrated.

Study of Forecasting of Occurrence Regularity of Puccinia Striiformis West in Mountain Areas of South Ningxia

Xie Chengjun

1998, (1):  35-38,15. 

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Mountain areas of South Ningxia with typical continental climate, is good for the Puccinia striifromis West to spend summer. By systematic spot observation and general survey in the field for twelve years, it was found that germs of the P. striiformis West entered the areas in April to May. In normal years, the infected plants occured in the last ten days of May to the first ten day of June and the second and last ten day of June were active spread period of the germs. Therefore the key protection time was around June 25. Based on the ocurrence degrees over years and with the help of meteorological data, a fuzzy unified apraise and forecasting model was established. By back_test in past 11 years and forcast in 5 coming yeas, the model is with 93.8% in accuracy. A forecasting check table was also made for those tecnicians of forecast and agrotechnical workers in country_side.

Advances in Plant Reproductive Ecology

Su Zhixian, Zhang Sulan, Zhong Zhangcheng

1998, (1):  39-46,64. 

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The early study and the initial period of reproductive ecology formation and the current advances were systematically reviewed in the paper. It was suggested that the time of reproductive ecology formation and development could be divided into four phases: Reproductive ecology in the bud(before 1959),development phase of reproductive ecology(from 1960 to 1970),forming phase of reproductive ecology(1971-1982),and independent development phase of reproductive ecology(1983-present).

Metapopulation: A New Paradigm of Application of the Theory of Population Ecology in Practice of Conservation Biology

Xu Hongfa, Lu Houji, Wang Xiaoming

1998, (1):  47-53. 

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Metapopulation theory is now a popular framework for understanding the threats faced by species in the fragmented habitat. The metapopulation concept, hypotheses, content, dynamics modeling and its application in pratice of conservation biology were described in the paper.

Natural Fire Disturbance of Forest Vegetation

Qiu Yang

1998, (1):  54-60. 

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The natural fire disturbance plays an important role in forest vegetation. The paper briefly reviewed the fields of concepts, characteristcs, regimes, history reconstructions, ecological effects and managements of natural fire disturbance of forest vegetation. Finally, further researches on natural fire management of forest were suggested. The integration of global positional system(GPS), remote sensing(RS), geographic information system(GIS)are important tools in study on the natural fire disturbance of forest landscape.

Effect of the Fleshy_fruits Eating Birds on Seed Dispersal

Lu Changhu, Chang Jiachuan

1998, (1):  61-64. 

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Frugivorous birds can be divided into two groups: dry-fruits and Fleshy-fruits eating birds. Fleshy-fruits eating birds swallow the whole fruit and consume the pulp. Seeds are vomited or excreted wholly and dispersal. There are some characteristics of seeds spatial pattern during dispers process. Germination ratio of seeds through birds digestive system may be increased. Many factors affect on birds' selection of fruits. Co-adaption exists in many aspects between birds and birds-dispersed plants. Mild toxins often exist in fruit, which may prevent birds from over-eating a time in one place. Future study would be in two directions: seed dispersal ecology and eco-chemistry in seed dispersal.

Research Advances in Population Ecology and Behavioral Ecology of Brandt's Voles(Microtus brandti)

Yin Feng, Fang Jiming

1998, (1):  65-69. 

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Population ecology and behavioral ecology is an important ecological subject. Brandt's voles is dominate rodent in typical steppe of Inner Mongolian. The research advances in population ecology and behavioral ecology of Brandt's voles, mainly including age distribution,sex ratio, reproduction, flutuation and regulation of population eating behavior,spatial exploitation,communication,individual recognition and mating system were reviewed in the paper.

Heterogeneity and Its Maintenance of Urban Landscape

Li Tuansheng

1998, (1):  70-72,69. 

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Heterogeneity and its maintenance in a landscape are emphasized in landscape ecology. Heterogeneity is one of the basic attributes of a landscape. An urban landscape is also heterogeneous. The heterogeneity maitenance of an urban landscape is important for sustainable developement. The heterogeneity of an urban landscape and the way of its maintenance were analysed and discussed in this paper.

Introduction of Global Emissions of Greenhouse Gas

Cao Zhiping

1998, (1):  73-74. 

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According to the data from the Carbon Dioxide Information and Analysis Center(CDIAC), World Bank and World Resources Institute(WRI), the average incremental emissions from fossil fuels and emissions per capita(1986-1991)and the largest incremental emitters of carbon dioxide(1986-1991)were introduced. Carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuels per constant unit GNP(1987)was also presented.

Binomial Sampling Plans for the Insects with Different Tally Thresholds

Zhang Guangmei, Liu Wenyan

1998, (1):  75-78. 

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Binomial sampling plans are one of the most useful methods in the estimation of insect populations. The development of the binomial sampling design including empirical model between m and P T with different tally thresholds of insects, the prediction variance of m from P_T, Var(m), and the sample precision, denoted as d were reviewed in detail in the paper. The importance of tally thresholds in reduction of sampling errors was discussed by analysis and comparison of the case studies selected from the recent entomological literatures.