Table of Content

10 October 1996, Volume 15 Issue 05

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On Changes of Foraging Behavior of the Tits of Two Species in Secondary Deciduous Wood

Gao Wei, Xiang Guiquan, Feng Helin, Deng Qiuxiang, Zhao Hong

1996, (5):  1-5. 

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The foraging behavior of Parus major and P. palustris in the secondary deciduous wood during winter and summer was studied. All data were gathered from November to February of next year 1988-1991 in winter and from March to July 1989-1991 in summer. Observations were made in secondary deciduous wood of Zuojia Nature Protection region of Jilin Province. The Great tit and Marsh tit are common permanent residents of secondary deciduous wood in the region. The height, positions(Horizontal and vertical of canopy), substrates, trees species, niche breadth and niche overlap of foraging of two species are very different. The height of foraging has been expressed as the distance from 0-4m, 4.1-10m, 10.1-15m and over 15m. Great tit feeds average lower than in Marsh tit. At foraging position of canopy layer in horizontal Great tit feeds on middle layer and out layer in winter and summer, while March tit feeds on out and middle layers. At vertical position of tree canopy, Great tit feeds on up, middle and low layers in winter, and on low and middle layers in summer, while Marsh tit feeds on up and middle layers in winter and summer, concerning the trees utilized for foraging Great tit feeds on Mongotian Oak, River Birch and Pierrot Willow in winter, while Mach tit feeds on Pierrot Willow, River Birch and Manchurian Linden. The results showed that two species did not over lap significantly in the places where they gather their food in order to utilize the common food resource differently.

A Study on the Halophilous Vegetation of the Islands of Zhejiang ProvinceⅡ Main Types of Natural Vegetation and Their Exploitation and Utilization

Chen Zhenghai, Tang Zhengliang, Hu Minghui, Qujinzhong, Sun Haiping

1996, (5):  6-11. 

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The natural halophilous vegetation on the islands of Zhejiang province can be divided into 3 vegetation types,i.e. 1.Halophilous bush,2.Halophilous meadow, and 3.Halophilous marsh; 8 formation groups; and 26 formations which including 8 annual communities. In this paper, the ecological environment, distribution, physiognomy, structure, and composition of main formations are described. Finally, some views about exploitation, utilization,and protection are advanced.

The Effects of the Partioning of Rainfall on the Nutrients Leaching Processes in the Mixed Alnus Cremastogyne and Cupressus Funebris Forest

Peng Peihao, Wang Jinxi, Hu Zhenyu, Gao Huadong

1996, (5):  12-15,22. 

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Water quality of rainfall changes greatly after passing throngh trees canopy in the watershed.In this paper,an artificial mixed forest was chosen to measure the precipitation inside and outside of the forest, and stemflow as well as the variations of their nutrient contents.By analysing the characteristics of rainfall partitioning ,the water qualilty,the nutrient input and cycling processes were discussed.The results showed that the concentrations of NH₄-N,NO₃-N,P,K,Ca and Mg were different among rainfall,throughfall and stemflow.In accordance with the rainfall partitioning,nutrients entered the field both as point source and area source,from which two different processes of translocation were found.The nutrient contributions in the field by rainfall and leaching from trees were also discussed.

The Ecological Effect of Mulching Citrus Orchard in Red Soil Hilly Region is Studied

Xiao Runlin, Li Ling

1996, (5):  16-22. 

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The results show that mulches creat good ecological environment for citrus growth and development. The soil temperature of mulching orchard is higher in winter and early spring, lower in summer and early autumn. The drought is resisted effectively duing growth of fruit because the higher water content is kept in dry season. Due to the improved nutrient status in soil with mulches the content of nutrient in citrus tree increase significantly . The net economic benefit of citrus orchard with mulching especially mulch with film and rice-straw treatment is 2.229 times the control.

Remote Sensing Study on the Land Desertification Trend in Yulin Prefecture in North Shanxi

Quan Zhijie, Wang Chengji, Wang Lihong, Li Yuanke

1996, (5):  23-26. 

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Land desertification type maps of every periods were drafted based on TM images and spatial data base constructed with the supporting of GIS. Then the land desertization trend figures of a new type are formed through the overlay manipulation. According to the information obtained from these trend figures, the development analysis and prediction study show that the both the situations of ecology, recovering through desertization control and worsening through destroying by human being, exist in Yulin prefecture, which is located in the crisscross belt of agriculture and husbandry and the worsening is superior to the recovering. As this, the authors of this paper indicate that more attention should be paid to the comprehensive control of this area and many powerful measures must be adopted timely.

A Study on Breeding Ecology of Coracia pyrrhocorax

Wu Jianyong, An Wenshan, Xue Enxiang, Han Tuanyuan, Lan Yutian, Gai Qiang

1996, (5):  27-30,40. 

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The breeding ecology of Coracia pyrrhocorax in Pangquangou Natural Reserve were studied from March to December, 1985-1991. The studies included habitats, population density, bree ding, food,and etc. The bird bred from March to July, mating system was monogamy. The bird began nesting in March, began to lay eggs between middle to late March, laying one egg per day, and the clutch size was 4-6. Incubation period was 18-22 days, and the hatching success rate was 94.20%. Brooding periods was 25-31 days in the nest and 11-15 days after fledging.

Studies on the Stable Effect of Binary Genotypic Mixed Population in Wheat

Fu Zhaolin, Li Hongqin, Yang Shuqing

1996, (5):  31-35. 

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The stable effect of binary genotypic mixed population were studied using different wheat cultivars with different characteristics in salt-resistance in Binzhou prefecture of north Shandong province during 1989-1993.The result shown that the stable effect in the biomass and grain yield of binary genotypic population were significantly better than mono-genotypic population under the condition of piebald saline-alkaline soil.

Fertility Change of Coastal Salt-Affected Soil Under Agroecological Condition in Irrigation Areas of Panjin Liaoning Province

Zhu Qinghai, Mao Yan, Zhu Haozheng, Wang Dian, Xu Chunhe, Li Yupeng, Zhou Zheng

1996, (5):  36-40. 

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This paper focuses on fertility change in paddy soil, green house soils under framed plastic cover, and compares with salt-affected soils. In coastal areas the salt-affected soil were used for paddy,rice pig bring-up and manure collection marsh gas(CH₄) production and vegetable plantation in green house condition. The comprehensive evaluation, with fuzzy evaluation method and principal component analysis(PCA) methods, and with chi-square(χ²) test of co-variance and average vector were applied in 3 areas dominated by paddy soil, greenhouse soil(soil in greenhouse for vegetables), and salt soil respectively. The results show that the differences of soil fertility among 3 soils are extremely evident and that the soil fertility of paddy soil and greenhouse soil have been improved up to the 1st class one according to the regional standard from the 4th one before reclamation.The contents of organic matter,total nitrogen, alkali-soluable nitrogen,available phosphorus and potassium have been obviously increaced and the degree of salinization has been reduced.

Introduction of the Establishment of Sustainable Development Indicators

Cao Zhiping

1996, (5):  41-46. 

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Alist of sustainable development indicatiors compiled by Committee of Sustainable Development was introduced. This list covers social, economic, environmental, and institutional aspects of sustainable development. The background information for resulting in this list was given, and the purpose and the framework of the indicators was described. A format for methodology sheets and the implementation plan for CSD work programme on indicatiors was also introduced.

Adaptation Strategy of Forestry to Climate Change in China

Guo Quanshui, Liu Shirong, Chen Li, Shi Zuomin

1996, (5):  47-54. 

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Based on the comprehensive evaluation, the likeness of the effect of global climate change on Chinese forests were analyzed.With the practice in China, the adaptation strategies of Chinese forests to global climate change were given in the following 7 aspects. They are: tree improvement strategy, the plantation strategy, the management of secondary regenerated forests and natural forests, the thinning and rotation management, the forest biodiversity conservation, forest pests control, and forest fire control.

Adhesion Behaviour of Becterial and Algae and Its Ecological Significance

Luo Yueping, Li Yijian, Tan Zhiqun

1996, (5):  55-61,79. 

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The Studies on the adhesion behaviour of bacterial and algae and its ecological significance have been reviewed in this paper. All research indicated that the adhesion processes of bacterial and algae involved an instantaneous reversible Phase and a time-dependent irreversible phase. The adhesion behaviour is basically controled by physico-chemical and biological forces and influenced by various environmental factors. The adhesion behaviour of bacterial and algae has important in freshwater ecosystem and its ecological significance implication is discussed in detail in the end.

Advances in Phosphorus Recycling Research in Agricultural Ecosystem

Zhou ZhiHong

1996, (5):  62-66. 

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Based on the review of phosphorus recycling research and the methods in determining phosphorus forms in agroecosystems,the paper proposed several suggestions on the approaches of phosphorus recycling study in the future.

A Study on the Migration of Phenanthrene in Soil Leaching with LAS

Yao Jiabiao, Wang Yanhong, Zhu Yan, Jiang Ping

1996, (5):  67-69. 

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The migration of phenanthrene and factors affecting its migration in soil in presence of LAS are studied through the simulation of soil column. Results show that:① Through 180 days of leaching, when the LAS concentration is 0.5 or 5mg·L^-1, the phenanthrene residual rate is less than 10 percent and the residue distributes mainly in surface soil(0-5cm);② When LAS concentration is 0.5mg·L^-1, the phenanthrene residual rate in soil is 3-8 times that of LAS concentration being 5mg·L^-1;③ The phenanthrene residual rate in soil is 2.5-6 times that of soil that with organic matter removed.It's shown that the LAS concentration has obvious effect for the phenanthrene residual rate in soil and the organic matter in soil has good cap ability in keeping phenanthrene.

Sexual Reproduction and Limit Cycles in Predator-Prey Systems

Zheng Jiuren

1996, (5):  70-75. 

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Based on sexual reproduction and birth matrix-mating rule model (BMMR model), the following representatives of birth and death rates of sexual population were obtained: (dN/dt)_b=N²g_b(N)=bN²(1-uN+w₁N²),(dN/dt)_d=Ng_d(N)=dN(1+vN+w₂N²). Tus predator-prey system can present limit cycles with cusp geometry. The sexual population has humped curves of natural increase rate of individuals as function of population size and two equilibrium points: stable Sand unstable X, S>X, an asexual population can only have one equilibrium point, i.e. stable S.