Table of Content

10 June 1989, Volume 8 Issue 03

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Ecological Characters of Wetlands in Shanjiang Plain and Their Rational Exploitation and Utilization

Zheng Zhaoshun

1989, (3):  3-7. 

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The Shanjiang plain is dominated by large stretches of wetlands with great productive potentials, which has been exploited laterly in China. According to the ecological characters of the wetlands and problems in their exploitation and utilization, the following countermeasures are proposed: 1. to transform upland into wetland for the development of rice and other aquatic cultivations. 2. to develope small and light machineries, because of the scatterly distributed soils with clayish textures being unsuitable for the develcpment of large and heavy machineries. 3. to transform mono-management into diversified management to favor the comprehensive development of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, side occupation and fishery. 4. to strengthen dykes and dams in flooding regions which account for over half of the plain area to control floods.

Characters of Cultivated Wetland Ecosystem and Its Regulation

Xu Qi

1989, (3):  8-13,23. 

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This paper introduces the types and characters of wetlands in China and in the world, and the features of nutrient element cyclings of wetlands in some regions of China are also introduced.The regulation measures of paddy field ecosystems are discussed in intention to give full play of the productive potentials of wetlands.

Improving the Overall Function and Benefit of Agricultural Ecosystems in Wetlands

Zhao Qiangji, Yuan Congyi

1989, (3):  14-17. 

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The present situation and developmental trend of wetland agriculture in Jiangsu province were analysed.According to the analysis, a wetland agro-ecosystem should be established to exploit and use the land resourses including farmland, beach canal and various types of shallow water area and to improve their overall functions and benefits. A detailed discussion for research goals and classification of system based on land resourses were given. Ways for further research in 3 aspects of farmland, unarable land and compound systems were also discussed.

Study on the Agroecosystem of Hangjiahu Plain Existed 300 Years Ago

Wen Dazhong

1989, (3):  18-23. 

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Based on historical agricultural publications and reference materials, the components and functions of the traditional organic agroecosystem in Hangjiahu plain in 17th century ate studied and analysed, and the energy flows through a typical unit of the system are estimated.

Structure and Function of "High Bed and Low Ditch" Farmland Ecosystem in Pearl River Delta Ⅰ

Lin Rijian, Luo Shiming

1989, (3):  24-28,52. 

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This paper studies the structural effect, energy and nutrient flows and economic benefits of "high bed and low ditch" farmland ecosystem in flood plain areas of the Pearl River Delta. The system can lower underground water level, retain soil deposits, reduce soil erosion and slow down the decomposition rate of organic matter. The economic efficiency and subsidiary energy input are higher in "high bed and low ditch" farmland ecosystem than in paddy field ecosystem, but the conversion efficiency of subsidiary energy is far lower. The output/input ratio of total energy is rice 10.13>sugar 3.43> banana (Musa sapientum) 2.34>banana(M.nana) 1.63>citrus 0.92. The utilization rate of light energy is sugarcane 1.4606%> rice 0.9326%>citrus 0.7491%> banana (Musa sapientum) 0.5270;b >banana (M.nana) 0.4433%.

An Analysis on Paddy Field Ecosystems in Fujian Province

Wu Zhiqiang, Lin Wenxiong

1989, (3):  29-34. 

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Fujian is a mountainous province with less farmland and abundant labor in southeast coastal regions of China. Resources of temperature, solai radiation and rainfall in paddy field ecosystems are different with the change of latitude and altitude. Analysis results show that there are four kinds of discontinuous climatic layers and four types of paddy soils. According to the properties of stratosphere, the types of paddy soils and rice cropping systems, ten ecotopes are classified. The photo-utilization efficiency,output/input tatio of subsidiary energy and natural fertility of paddy soils are also investigated and discribed in detail. At the same time, ways for further increasing the productivity of the ecosystem are discussed.

Counter-measures for the Steady Development of Agricuiture in Economical Developed Regions

Zhang Meihua, Xu Dawen

1989, (3):  35-38. 

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Changshu city of Jiangsu province lies in the delta of Yangtze river. It is an example of economically developed regions. Accompanying the rapid development of rural economy and the continuous increase of peasants’ non-agricultural economic income, a series of new problems in agricultural production have emerged. Counter-measures are given in this paper for solving the stagnation and accelerating the development of agriculture.

Effect of Fertilizer Application on Rice Yield and Physical-chemical Properties of Paddy Soils

Yang Linzhang, Liu Yuanchang, Xu Qi, A. Tanaka, M. Hasegawa

1989, (3):  39-43. 

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A field experiment was made for examining the effect of different fertilizers on the balance of nutrients and crop yields. It was showed that N and p were surplus in the treatment of pig manure application, but deficient in that of chemical fertilizer application, and K was deficient in the both. Crop yield was increased by using chemical fertilizer and orgaic manure. 4 years field experiment revealed that organic manure could increase the storage of natrients in soils and improve soil fertility and crop yield.

Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Nutrient Cyclings in Paddy Field

Wu Jianjun, P. E. Sajise

1989, (3):  44-48. 

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The input and output Of riutrients indicate that paddy fields with application of organic fertilizers have positive surpus in N, P and K,but those with application of inorganic fertilizers have negative balarlce in P and K and a large amount of surplus in N.Field experiment shows that significant higher amount of N was volatnized in the urea trcatment than in the compost treatment. The long-term application of organic fertilizers can rieduce the volatilization loss of N and leaching loss of N and K.but the leaching loss of P seems aggravated in the case.

Articles

Sulphur Disbalance in Paddy Fields of Dehong Prefecture in Yunnan Province and Effects of Phosphorus-gypsum in Increasing Yields

Deng Chunzhang, Xu Yue, Xie Ke in, Jin Guifen, Hou Jianping, Pu Minchang

1989, (3):  49-52. 

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Based on the researches of natural environments,crops and humane ecology in Dehong prefecture of Yunnan province, it is found that nutrient physiological disbalance of rice created by sulphur shortage is the major cause for the yield reduction and mortality of rice. The shortage grades of sulphut and corresponding counter-measures are discussed.Years of sulphur-fertilizer experiments indicate that phosphorus-gypsum obtains the best effect in increasing yields, the average increment for rice is 1 076kg穐a^-1.

Nutrient Transformation in Soil-crop System and Its Effects on Soil Nutrient Balance

Li Weibo

1989, (3):  53-57,62. 

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This paper aims to illustrate the transformation of nutrients and its effects on nutrient balances in the soil-crop systems in Taihu Lake region of China. These effects change with different cropping systems and fertilizers application.

Changes of Agro-ecological Environments in Plain Lake Areas and Their Regulations

Ye Peitao

1989, (3):  58-62. 

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Because of the historical unitary management in agriculture, un-comprehensive regulation and predatory exploitation of resources, disorders and various contradictions arise in farmland, water-body, living and other ecosystems. Countet-measures are put forward in the paper for the improvement of eco-environments, the establishment of a human regulated agroecosystem, the promotion of good cyclings in the system and the guarantees of continuous and steady increments of agro-economy.

Fertility Level and Productive Potential of Paddy Soils in Jiangsu Province

Lu Yanchun

1989, (3):  63-66. 

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Paddy soils account for 60% of the total cultivated areas in Jiangsu province and their rice yields account for 75% of the total grain output. In this province, paddy soils are classified into five types:permeable, stagpating, percolating, waterlogged and side-bleaching, which differ in their distribution and fertility features. The level of soil fertility has been significantly promoted by a series of effective measures such as building irrigation works, applying fertilizers and manures and practising rotation cropping systems. But different obstacle factors still exist. In this paper, factorial and discriminatory analyses are used to establish a model for discriminating the fertility classes of the paddy soil. To make full play of the productive potentials of paddy soils, it is needed to further improve the ecological environments of farmland, apply fertilizers rationally and adopt better cropping systems.

Ecological and Economic Effects of Fish-farming in Paddy Field of Coastal Saline Soil Regions of Jiangsu Province

Wang Zhao, Wang Tailun, Zhu Mo

1989, (3):  67-68. 

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The methods of plot control and field survey are used in studying the ecological and economic effects of fish farming in paddy fields of coastal regions of Rudong county of Jiangsu province. The results showed that fish farming in paddy fields could not only ameliorate saline soil efficiently, but also reduce weeds and pests in the field. It provides a valuable information for saline soil amelioration and fish and rice cultivation in the coastal region.

Primary Approach to the Construction of Ecological Silvergrass Field

Qiu Dunkuan, Yuan Zhiqian

1989, (3):  69-72. 

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This paper reveals the present situation of silvergrass production and ecological balance in Dongting lake region. The relations of ecological factors such as geographic location, temperature, heat, solar radiation, precipitation and nonfrost season with the growth of silvergrass are investigated. Favorable conditions for developing silvergrass production and the necessity and possibility of constructing ecological silvergrass field are discussed. The construction of ecological silvergrass field in Dongting Lake is suggested for providing the eco-environments needed for silvergrass production, improving the yield and quality of silvergrass, and establishing a fine ecological balance system of silvergrass field.