Table of Content

08 January 2010, Volume 29 Issue 01

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Articles

Tanaka Line and its biogeographical significance: A further discussion.

2010, 29(01):  1-7. 

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Based on the information about the distribution of seed plant flora inlarge scale, and through statistical analysis, the reality of Tanaka Line’s existence and its biogeographical significance were examined. The Tanaka Line had significance in the strict limitation on the geographical distribution of SinoJapan flora, East Asia flora, and Tropical Asia flora in Yunnan, but less significance on the distribution of SinoHimalayan flora. The authors first found that the distribution of China’s endemic flora in Yunnan was possibly limited by the Tanaka Line. It was observed that the Tanaka Line did not shape the overall spatial patterns of seed plant flora in Yunnan. The Tanaka Line and its bio-geographical significance needed further exploration.

Biological conservation planning in urban region based on biological process: A case study in Taizhou of Zhejiang Province.

2010, 29(01):  8-15. 

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Habitat fragmentation and biological process obstruction are the major threats to the biodiversity in urban areas. In current urban biological conservation planning, there exist some deficiencies e.g., the species-centered approach pays little attention to the regional habitat pattern, and the landscape-oriented method lacks the consideration of biological process. Therefore, an integrated approach combining the biological processes and habitat patterns of selected species is highly advocated by advancing theories in conservation biology, landscape ecology, and landscape planning. Taizhou, a rapid urbanization area with rich biological resources in Zhejiang Province of southeastern China, faces heavy habitat fragmentation and biodiversity loss during the recent dispersed urbanization process and intensive infrastructure construction. This paper combined the knowledge of biological processes of indicator species and the design of regional landscape patterns. Two kinds of bird were selected as indicator species, i.e., Larus saundersi, a typical migratory bird temporarily feeds in the mud beaches of Taizhou, could be thought of as a type of biological behavior of vertical habitat selection process, and Syrmaticus ellioti, one of the major resident birds of this area, has both vertical habitat selection and local migration behavior. The methods of analyzing landscape suitability and security pattern were employed to distinguish the appropriate habitats of the two indicator species based on vertical  and horizontal processes, and finally, a comprehensive biological conservation infrastructure was obtained by overlaying them, which could provide references for similar urban areas to Taizhou.

Interspecific associations of plants in interdune lowlands of mobile and stabilized dunes in eastern Inner Mongolia of China.

2010, 29(01):  16-21. 

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To study the interspecific association of plants in interdune lowland is of significance in understanding the responses of plant species to habitat change and the mechanisms of vegetation succession. Sand stabilization may affect the plant interspecific association in interdune lowland, but relevant reports are scare. In this paper, Chi-square test and association coefficient (AC) were used to analyze the interspecific associations of plants in the interdune lowlands with the areas ranging from 0.10 hm² to 5.64 hm² in the mobile and stabilized dunes in eastern Inner Mongolia. When the lowland area was smaller than 0.5 hm², the percentages of |AC|≤0.3 and |AC|≥0.7 species pairs relative to the overall species pairs were somewhat larger in stabilized dunes than in mobile dunes; but when the lowland area was larger than 0.5 hm², the percentage of |AC|≤0.3 species pairs relative to the overall species pairs was significantly smaller in stabilized dunes than in mobile dunes fields, while that of |AC|≥0.7 species pairs relative to the overallspecies pairs was in adverse. Sand stabilization less changed the interspecific association in the interdune lowlands smaller than 0.5 hm², but made the interspecific association closer in the lowlands lager than 0.5 hm².

Dynamic changes of plant community structure and population niche in the recovery process of degenerated secondary forests.

2010, 29(01):  22-28. 

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Four secondary forests at initial, early, nearmiddle, and late recovery stages under anthropogenic disturbance in Nankai Township of Baisha County, Hainan Province were selected to study their community structure, tree species composition, importance value index, and niche width. At the early and middle stages of recovery, the dominant species with the largest niche width played obvious roles. With the process of recovery, the niche widths of different species populations in the communities became stable, the community diversity and species richness increased, the stand structure became complicated, and the influence of d
ominant species was weakened. In addition, due to the forest management history, the forest community at early and middle recovery stages included some special tree species which should present themselves in natural forest, and these species were called as “ecological stability species”, because they usually had small number of trees and occupied a small niche width, but had strong competing viability. In the management of secondary forests at early and middle stages of recovery, to maximize the roles of dominant species and to promote the individual numbers of ecological stability species would be essential for the restoration management of secondary forests.

Effects of different fertilization on the improvement of degraded paddy soil fer
tility in red earth region.

2010, 29(01):  29-35. 

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A 3-year pot experiment was conducted at the experimental base of College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University to study the impro
vement effect of different fertilization on degraded paddy soil fertility in red earth region Since 2005. All the test six fertilization measures improved the soil fertili
ty significantly. The soil organic matter content increased up to 14.0%, soil available P increased up to 39.0 mg·kg^-1, soil available K recovered to medium level (80 mg·kg^-1), but soil available N decreased except that it was maintained at the level before experiment in rice-specific fertilizer treatment. All fertilization treatments increased the soil microbes’ amount, soil microbial activity, and soil microbial biomass C, N and P, with the best effect in treatment inorganic fertilizers incorporating with organic manure. The combined application of chemical fertilizers and organic manure also increased the rice grain yield
and fertilizer agricultural use efficiency. It was suggested that applying rice-specific fertilizer in combining with organic manure could have the best impro
vement effect for the degraded paddy soil fertility resulted by long term non-fertilization.

Coupling effect of salt and fertilizer on European chicory (Cichorium intybusL.) under seawater irrigation and N and P application.

2010, 29(01):  36-42. 

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A field experiment was conducted on the coastal mudflat in Yancheng of northern Jiangsu Province to study the coupling effect of salt and fertilizer on European chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) under different concentration seawater irrigation and N and P fertilization application. Compared with fresh water irrigation (treatment W₁), the yield of C. intybus fleshy root and aerial parts   decreased less under 20% seawater irrigation (treatment W2), but decreased signifi
cantly under 40% seawater irrigation (treatment W₃). In the trials of N fertilization, the yield of fleshy root and aerial parts was  higher in treatment N3 (N 90 kg·hm^-2) than in treatment N₁ (N 0 kg·hm^-2); and in the trials of P fertilization, the yield was  higher in treatment P₃ (P₂O₅ 45 kg·hm^-2) than in treatment P₁ (P₂O₅ 0 kg·hm^-2). Under the same concentration seawater irrigation, C. intybus main stem grown longer and thicker with increasing N and P application. Treatments W₁N₃ and W₁P₃ were the best coupling effect for C. intybus fleshy root and aerial part yield, and treatments W₂N₃ and W₁P₂ (fresh water, P₂O₅ 22.5 kg·hm^-2) were the best coupling effect for C. intybus seed yield. Seawater, N and P, especially seawater, had significant effects on C. intybus. The best combination of the treatments for C. intybus biological yield was W₁N₃P₃, and that for C. intybus seed yield was W₂N₃P_2.

Effects of plastic film mulching in whole growth period on the photosynthetic function, yield, and quality of flue-cured tobacco at different elevations in Enshi of Hubei Province.

2010, 29(01):  43-49. 

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Field experiments were conducted at the elevations 1000 m and 1300 m in Enshi Autonomous Prefecture of Hubei to study the effects of plastic film mulc
hing in whole growth period and of uncovering plastic film and hilling at rosette stage on the photosynthetic function, yield, and quality of fluecured tobacco Yunyan 87. At the two elevations, plastic film mulching in whole growth period caused a rapid decrease of net photosynthetic rate and leaf chlorophyll content
 at the later growth stages of tobacco, and thus, accelerated the decline of photosynthetic function, and induced the rapid decomposition of assimilation products. At the elevation 1000 m, uncovering plastic film and hilling at rosette stage enhanced the photosynthetic function, increased the assimilation products, and
 improved tobacco yield and quality. At elevation 1300 m, plastic film mulching in whole growth period caused the premature senescence, but maintained the photo
synthetic function and assimilation products at a higher level. It was advocated that in the study area, plastic film mulching in whole growth period and uncovering plastic film and hilling at rosette stage would be appropriate for cultivating flue-cured tobacco at the elevations 1300 m and 1000 m, respectively.

Responses of apple tree’s phonology in east and west sides of Liupanshan Mountain to climate change.

2010, 29(01):  50-54. 

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Based on the 1971-2008 temperature data from Kongtong and Jingning meteorological stations and the 1987-2008 phenological data from Kongtong station, the effects of climate change on apple tree’s phenophase in east and west sides of Liupanshan Mountain were analyzed. Since 1971, the air temperature in Pingliang of Gansu increased obviously with a linear trend, mainly in winter and spring, under the background of global warming. The accumulated temperature of ≥10 ℃ increased too. Under the effects of temperature increase, the apple tree’s budburst, leaf-developing, and flowering stages advanced 14-18 days, and the advancement of the phenophases in spring was greater in the east side than in the west side of Liupanshan Mountain. Climate change increased the freeze damage of apple tree’s florescence in spring. The threshold values were obtained by analyzing the correlations between apple tree’s growth and frost disaster. When the minimum ground temperature during April 11-20, April 21-30, and May 1-10 was ≤-2.0 ℃ and its duration was ≥2 days, the frozen area of apple trees achieved 80%, 90% and 100%, respectively.

Relationships between climatic change and cyanobacterial bloom in Taihu Lake.

2010, 29(01):  55-61. 

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Based on the analysis of the variations in air temperature, precipitation, and sunshine hour in last 40 years in Taihu Lake region, a statistical analysis was made on the relationships between the climatic change and the occurrence time, frequency, and grade of cyanobacterial bloom in Taihu Lake. In the study region, the overall climate change trend from 1961 to 2007 was that the mean annual air temperature increased by 0.35 ℃·10a^-1, annual total precipitation increased by 31.33 mm·10 a^-1, and annual total sunshine duration decreased by 69.00 h·10 a^-1. The turning points of the variations in air temperature, precipitation, and sunshine hour were in 1989, 1979, and 1999, respectively. In 2000-2007, the climate changed exceptionally, which was mainly manifested in the rapid increase of air temperature (about 3.7 times of that in 1961-2007 and more obviously in May and October), the decrease of precipitation (about 178.10 mm·10 a^-1 less than that in 1961-2007), and the increase of sunshine hour (244.23 h·10 a^-1 more than that in 1961-2007). The increasing speed of climate warming provided thermal advantages for cyanobacteria growth, and the decreasing precipitation worsened the water quality and made the cyanobacterial bloom occurred more quickly. The increasing sunshine provided ample illumination to cyanobacteria growth. The climate trend of elevated air temperature, decreasing precipitation, and increasing sunshine hour was corresponded to the more frequencies of cyanobacterial bloom occurrence in Taihu Lake, leading to the appearance of cyanobacterial bloom in the Lake more and more seriously.

Feeding habits of Rhinopithecus roxellana in Shennongjia Nature Reserve of China in winter and spring.

2010, 29(01):  62-68. 

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By using quadrat investigation and microhistological analysis of feces, the feeding habits of Rhinopithecus roxellana in Qianjiaping of Shennong
jia Nature Reserve in winter and spring were studied. In winter, the plants fed by R. roxellana included 15 species, belonging to 7 families and 9 genera, m
ainly Rosaceae, Usneaceae, Pinaceae, and Oleaceae; and in spring, the fed plants were comprised of 48 species, belonging to 25 families and 37 genera, mainlyRosaceae, Usneaceae, Cornaceae, Celastraceae, Lauraceae, Betulaceae, and Oleaceae. The food composition of R. roxellana in spring had significant positive correlations with the relative height, relative biomass, and relative richness and frequency of fed plants, and that in winter showed significant positive correlation with the relative biomass of the plants. Among the food composition of R. roxellana, the proportion of Usneaceae was higher in winter that in sprin
g, being 16.51% and 5.69%, respectively, suggesting that Usneaceae was only a remediation for food deficiency, but not the main feeding plant of R. roxellana in winter.

Effects of long-term fertilization on cropland soil meso-micro arthropods in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China.

2010, 29(01):  69-74. 

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By using modified Tullgren method, the community composition of mesomicro arthropods in agricultural soils under longterm fertilization in HuangHuaiHai Plain was investigated in September 2008 and February 2009. There were seven fertilization treatments, i.e., chemical N, P and K (NPK), N and P (NP), N and K (NK), P and K (PK), organic manure (OM), OM and NPK (organic nitrogen∶fertilizer nitrogen = 1∶1) (OMNPK), and no-fertilization (CK). Treatments OM and OMNPK increased the abundance and diversity of arthropods, while treatment NK had significant negative effects on soil arthropods because of the P deficiency. As for the dominant groups Collembola and Acari, treatments OM and OMNPK benefited the growth of Isotomidae, Hypogastruridae, and Onychiuridae (Collembola), while treatment NPK benefited Sminthuridae (Collembola). Treatment OMNPK had significant positive effects on Mesostigmata (Acari), and had definite positive effects on Oribatida and Prostigmata (Acari). Nitrogen fertilizer had no positive effects on Collembola, but increased the number of Acari.

Parasitization hazard of different Spodoptera exigua instar larvae by Meteorus pulchricornis.

2010, 29(01):  75-78. 

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Host recognition time is one of the important parameters in optimal host acceptance models. Aimed to assess the parasitization hazard of different Spodoptera exigua instar larvae by Meteorus pulchricornis, the host recognition time for first and successive attacks were recorded under nonchoice condition, and fitted by the Cox proportional hazard model of survival analysis. In the meantime, the survivor functions of different instar larvae as affected by parasitization experience were estimated by KaplanMeier method. The Cox proportional hazard model fitting with the host recognition time for first attack showed that host L1 was not susceptible to parasitism, but L3, L4, and L5 were more prone to be attacked than L2 by 2.6-4,0fold. However, the modelfitting with the host recognition time for successive attacks did not detect significant differences among host instars. The survival curves measuring the fraction of unparasitized host larvae were compared for the first and successive attacks, which indicated that the host recognition time for the first attack of L2, L3, and L4 was much less than that for the successive attack. It was suggested that higher instar larvae were more likely to be attacked by naive parasitoids.
〖KH*3/5D〗

Distribution characteristics and ecological risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments of south branch of Yangtze River estuary.

2010, 29(01):  79-83. 

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Sediment samples were collected from the south branch of Yangtze River estuary in May and October 2008, and their polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) concentrations were analyzed by HPLC, aimed to study the distribution, sourc
e, and ecological risk of the PAHs. The total concentration of PAHs in the sediments ranged in 8.9-312.2 ng·g^-1, and the PAHs were mainly constituted by Pyr, Phe, BbF, BaA, and BaP, with the highest concentration of Pyr. The total concentration of PAHs in test sediments was very similar to the published data for the Yangtze River estuary, Huanghe River estuary, and Yalu River estuary, but was significantly lower than those for the Pearl River estuary, Mingjiang River estuary, and tidal flats of Yangtze River estuary. In the PAHs, those with 4-6 rings were the dominant, suggesting that the main source of the PAHs was of pyrogenic. The assessment by the method of mean effects median quotient demonstrated that the PAHs in test sediments had very low probability (<10%) of ecological risk.

Distribution of phosphorus forms in sediments of Luoyang Estuary, Quanzhou Bay.

2010, 29(01):  84-90. 

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Sediment samples were collected from the Luoyang Estuary of Quanzhou Bay, Fujian Province, and their total phosphorus (TP), exchangeable phosphorus (D-P), phosphorus bound to Fe/Al oxides (Fe/AlP), phosphorus bound to calcium (Ca-P), organic phosphorus (OP), and occluded phosphorus (Re-P) weredetermined, aimed to study the vertical distribution patterns of the P forms, their correlations, and environmental indication significances. The TP in the sediments was dominated by inorganic phosphorus (IP) (76%-89%). All the phosphorous forms except DP had similar vertical distribution pattern, i.e., decreased with sediment depth, and more concentrated in surface layer, indicating that the distribution of TP and phosphorus forms in the sediments was obviously affected
 by human activities. Correlation analysis showed that Ca-P was the main factor controlling TP and IP, there were significant correlations between TP and phosp
horus forms except DP, and organic matter had definite effects on the distribution of phosphorus forms. The contents of TP and all phosphorus forms, and the rat
ios of Fe/Al-P, Ca-P, and OP to TP in the same sediment layers presented obvious change, illustrating that water conservancy and seabed reclamation had great effects on the sediment environment and the transfer and transformation of phosphorus forms.

Distribution of phosphorus forms in the sediments of cascade reservoirs with different trophic states in Wujiang catchment.

2010, 29(01):  91-97. 

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This paper analyzed the vertical distribution of sediment grain size in the Dongfeng reservoir (oligotrophic state), Hongyan reservoir (meso-trophic), and Wujiangdu reservoir (eutrophic) on the Wujiang River, and by using advanced sequential extraction method (SEDEX), studied the distribution of different phosphorous (P) forms in the sediments. In the three reservoirs, sediment grain size decreased with increasing sediment depth. Dongfeng reservoir had the largest sediment grain size, followed by Hongyan reservoir, and Wujiangdu reservoir. The total P contents in the sediments of Wujiangdu, Hongyan and Dongfeng reservoirs
 were 2.07, 1.22 and 1.11 mg·g^-1, in which, inorganic P occupied 53.8%, 44.5% and 81.9%, and organic P occupied 41.9%, 55.5% and 18.1%, respectively. The exchangeable P was higher in Wujiangdu reservoir, which was consistent with the trophic state of the reservoir. In the surface layer (0-10 cm) of the sediments, all P forms in Wujiangdu reservoir decreased with depth, those in Dongfeng reservoir had less change, and only exchangeable P in Hongyan reservoir changed obviously. Due to the cascade exploitation of hydropower, the reservoir in the downstream had smaller grain size, and thus, the sediments in the reservoir had stronger adsorption capability to overlaying water P. It was suggested that sediment total P, organic-P, Ca-bound P, and Fe-bound P could be the useful indicators for the evolution of the trophic levels of reservoirs.

Major issues in ecosystem health research.

2010, 29(01):  98-105. 

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Ecologists have not reached a consensus on the major issues in ecosystem health. In this paper, three concepts relating to ecosystem health, i.e., ‘h
ealth’, ‘system’ and ‘ecosystem’, were analyzed, and the concepts and connotations of ecosystem health, its research significances, content framework, and feasible scales, as well as the diagnosis and grade-assessment of ecosystem quality were discussed. It is suggested that ecosystem is one of the special systems in the context of systems science, with the characteristics of integrity, stability, and sustainability. Good integrity, stability, and sustainability are the necessary and sufficient conditions of ecosystem health. The criteria of ecosystem quality include qualitative diagnostic and grade-assessment ones. The qualitative diagnosis is a fact judgment (yes or not), while the gradeassessment is a value judgment. The indices for grade-assessment of ecosystem quality
could also be divided into two kinds, the restrictively comparable and the non-restrictively comparable. The complexity of ecosystem determines that the studies on ecosystem health should be made with the help of the theories and methods in systems science and nonlinear science, the time lag in ecosystem disease deter
mines that the forecast and early warning of ecosystem health should be strengthened, and the transdisciplinarity of ecosystem health research determines that t
he reseds needs a broad cooperation among ecological, environmental, medical, social, and economic scientists.

Ecological Yangtze River Estuary: Its concept and constructional framework.

2010, 29(01):  106-110. 

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The concept of ‘Ecological Yangtze River Estuary’ (EcoYRE) was raised but not strictly defined by the authors in 2004. It is a new idea in accor
dance with the strategies of ocean development, marine industry development, and ecological civilization proposed by Chinese government, and of strong vitality.
 In this paper, the concept of EcoYRE was defined and explained from the aspects of non-indigenous ecology, ecological construction, marine security, ecological economy, ecosystem management, and eco-city. Furthermore, the construction goal, guidelines, and implementation strategies of EcoYRE were presented, and the constructional framework, including the constructions of natural reserves system, security guarantee system, and coastal economic special zone in the Yangtze River Estuary, was discussed.

Diagnostic methods and assessment indictors for mangrove wetland ecosystem health.

2010, 29(01):  111-116. 

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According to the characteristics of mangrove wetland ecosystem, the healthy mangrove ecosystem will keep a dynamic balance among the components and whole ecosystem, and its ecological services function will work properly under moderate natural and/or artificial disturbances. This paper introduced six diagnostic methods suitable for mangrove wetland ecosystem health assessment, including indicator species method, structure and function method, ecosystem imbalanced symptom diagnosis method, ecosystem health risk evaluation method, ecological frangibility and stability assessment method, and ecological functional assessment method, and analyzed the prospects of their applications. On the basis of “Pressure-State-Response” model, the mangrove health assessment indicator system was constructed according to the related researches. The further study should enhance the indicator selection and corresponding evaluation criterion and weight ascertaining, and make case study by combining the ecosystem health level and ecological service function.

Competition and facilitation among wetland plants: A review.

2010, 29(01):  117-123. 

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Interactions among wetland plants mainly include competition (negative effect) and facilitation (positive effect), which are the primary content of wetland ecology. Plant-plant interactions also play an important role in determining plant distribution and in regulating the composition of community or ecosystem. This paper describes the theories of competition and the main factors affecting competition ability of wetland plants, introduces the concept of facilitation and its formation mechanism in wetland ecosystems, and discusses the theory about the shift of plantplant interaction and the main environmental factors (water level, temperature, salinity, biotic factors) influencing the shift of plant-plant interaction. With the increase of stress intensity, plantplant interaction generally shifts from competition to facilitation, that is, competition usually occurs in favorable environments while facilitation dominates under stress conditions. Currently, many studies have been performed in coastal salt marsh ecosystems and the studied ecosystem type is incomprehensive, therefore, research efforts should be expanded to other wetland ecosystems, such as freshwater and estuary wetlands. Meanwhile, studies on biological mechanisms and time-dependent effects
 on the shift of plantplant interaction, the exploration of new methodology should be strengthened in the future, which will be helpful to understand the mech
anisms on the formation and shift of competition and facilitation among wetland plants.

Research progress in invasion ecology of Procambarus clarkia.

2010, 29(01):  124-132. 

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Procambarus clarkii is native to southern USA and northern Mexico,and regarded as one of the well-known invasive species. As one of the fishery economic resources, it has spread around the world. Owing to its wide habitat adaptability, rapid growth, and high reproduction rate, P. clarkii can establish wild populations rapidly. The studies in recent decade indicated that P. clarkii invasion had given great threat on the survival of native aquatic plants, amphibian, and aquatic invertebrate, and decreased the local biodiversity via predation and resource competition. Since P. clarkii is one kind of importan
t fishery species, it will continue to spread with the help of human. In order to understand and to decrease the ecological impact of P. clarkii’s invasion
 on local habitats, following studies are urgent: 1) ecological damage of P. clarkia in China, 2) population regulation and control of P. clarkia, and 3) ecological restoration on damaged habitats by P. clarkii.

Environmental factors affecting soil bio-crust distribution.

2010, 29(01):  133-141. 

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Soil bio-crust (SBC) widely distributes in arid and desert regions, and plays a key role in the functioning of arid and desert ecosystems. However, not all the arid lands and deserts are covered by SBC. At global and regional scales, the distribution of SBC is positively related to the annual precipitation, dew, and soil moisture content, while the effects of temperature on the distribution vary with the species composition of SBC. At local and small scales, the distribution of SBC is affected by soil texture and nutrients availability. At present, the effects of vascular plants on the distribution of SBC are uncertain. Moderate disturbance has little effects on the distribution and ecological functions of SBC, but severe disturbance can induce the decrease of SBC cover and the deterioration of the structure and function of SBC. The effects of global change on SBC distribution, the mechanisms of the adaptive distribution and succession of SBC, as well as the ecological functions of SBC in its recovery process, would be the hot topics in the future.

Effects of green space age on organic carbon accumulated in urban soils.

2010, 29(01):  142-145. 

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In order to understand the spatial pattern of organic carbon accumulated in urban soils, 48 different age green spaces in Hangzhou City were selected,
 and their soil total organic C, particulate organic C, black C, microbial biomass C, and metabolic quotient (ratio of basal respiration to microbial biomass) w
ere determined. Once the anthropogenic activities ceased or the soilformation conditions were stable, the urban soils developed toward a certain direction, similar to other terrestrial ecosystems. With the increase of green space age, the accumulation of soil organic C, particulate organic C, microbial biomass C and b
lack C increased, while the soil bulk density and metabolic quotient decreased, indicating that as one of the soilformation factors, time played an important
role in the spatial variation of the physical, chemical, and biological properties of urban soils. It was recognized that with the cessation of human disturbance
 and the increase of green space age, the impact of urbanization on urban soil properties was gradually weakened.

Impact of road construction on roadside vegetations in Wuling Mountain Nature Reserve.

2010, 29(01):  146-151. 

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Taking the roadside from Lotus Pond to the main peak of Yanshan Mountain in Wuling Mountain Nature Reserve as a case site, the impact of road construction on the roadside vegetations was studied by investigating the vegetation composition, coverage, biomass, and plant density. Due to road disturbance, the trees along the road decreased in number but their seedlings appeared, while the biomass, species richness index, and diversity index of herbs were higher. With the increasing distance from road shoulder, the plant biodiversity decreased, but the density, height, and diameter at breast height of trees increased. The composition of shrub-grass was constant when the distance from the road shoulder increased over 30 m, and the structure of tree layer had no change when the distance from the road shoulder was over 150 m. The impact of road construction on the vegetations was mainly positive on shrubs and herbage but mainly negative on trees, and the positive impact was larger than the negative impact. The impact on the species richness of plant communities was greater on the upslope than on the downslope of the road.

Phytoremediation of soilless steep slope in mining junkyard.

2010, 29(01):  152-156. 

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Aiming at the special conditions of soilless steep slope in mining junkyard, the artificial soils composed of sewage sludge and fly ash were used as the medium, and Robina pseudoacacia and Amorpha fruticosa were planted in pits. At the same time, grasses were grown in the pits to fertilize the artificial soils. It was found that the R. pseudoacacia planted on artificial soil Ⅱ (fly ash∶sewage sludge=1∶1) had a high survival rate (70%) and a higher growth potential, suggesting that this remediation technology offered a potential of industrial byproduct utilization, and solved the shortage of soil resources in mining area.

Development and application of comprehensive management information system for Xilin River Basin.

2010, 29(01):  157-164. 

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Watershed management information system is integrated with multiple themes of watershed information, and becomes a tool of watershed comprehensive management. Based on GIS technology, this paper developed a management information system for Xilin River Basin, which had the functions of data management, query, updating, displaying, output, and model analysis operated at pixel level, and contained three models, i.e., water quality assessment, watershed analysis, and irrigation requirement. Based on remote sensing images, the water quality assessment model realized real time monitoring and estimation of water quality evaluation indices, and, by using logistic regression to calculate the coefficients, could predict the water quality in the future. The watershed analysis model could define flow direction, estimate flow accumulation, and delineate watershed; and the irrigation requirement model could calculate the demands of irrigation under current rainfall condition. Therefore, this watershed management information system could provide valuable information for watershed modern scientific management.

Simulation and variation pattern of vegetation phenology in Northeast China based on remote sensing.

2010, 29(01):  165-172. 

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By using 1982-2003 GIMMS-NDVI data and with the help of GIS spatial analysis, the NDVI time-series data of different vegetation types in Northeast China were extracted. In the meantime, the phenological phases of the vegetation types were simulated by Logistic function, with their variation trends in 1982-2003 analyzed. It was shown that the beginning dates of vegetation growth seasons in needleleaf forest, broadleaf forest, grassland, meadow, and swamp were advanced, and the lengths of the growth seasons were prolonged, being more obvious in swamps, followed by in needle-leaf forests. On the contrary, the beginning dates of vegetation growth seasons in needle-leaf and broadleaf mixed forest, shrub, grassland, and farmland were delayed, and the lengths of the growth seasons were shortened, being more obvious in farmland, followed by in grassland. The ending dates of the growth seasons appeared inconsistent, being delayed in needleleaf forest and swamp, slightly advanced in broadleaf forest, grassland, and meadow, and advanced in needle-leaf and broadleaf mixed forest, shrub, grassland, and farmland, especially in shrub.

Assessment of integrated soil fertility index based on principal components analysis.

2010, 29(01):  173-180. 

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Taking the Yangling of Shaanxi as a case and selecting field plot scale as the assessment unit, the farmland soil fertility quality was evaluated by using integrated fertility index. According to the statistical analysis for sample number rationality, the regional soil fertility assessment based on 27 sampling sites were sufficient to meet the required accuracy of 15% and 20% relative error under 90% confidence level. The minimum data set components including soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, available phosphorus, available potassium, CEC, and calcium carbonate were selected through calculating the Norm values based on principal components analysis, and the non-linear membership function was used to transform the indicators into dimensionless data and to evaluate single indicator. The radar plot was used to reflect the single factor fertility and the integral fertility. It was shown that total phosphorus and calcium carbonate were the limiting factors for the soil fertility quality in the study area, and the integrated fertility index at field plot scale
was 0.7-0.8.

Hyperspectral evaluation of nitrogen accumulation in winter wheat leaves based on continuum-removed method.

2010, 29(01):  181-186. 

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Crop nitrogen status is a key indicator of crop growth, yield production, and grain quality, and of significance in crop nitrogen diagnosis and manage
ment. Based on the data of winter wheat canopy spectra and corresponding leaf nitrogen accumulation (LNA) acquired under different nitrogen application levels,
the nitrogen nutrition of crop canopy was evaluated by continuum-removed method, a widely used method in spectra analysis of rock and mineral. Three absorption features were acquired by the continuum-removed treatment of canopy spectra ranging from 550 nm to 760 nm. The LNA at all growth stages increased with increasing nitrogen fertilization; but under the same levels of nitrogen application, the LNA increased from erecting stage to booting stage, and decreased from booting stage to heading stage. At all growth stages, the total area of absorption peak (TA), left area of absorption peak (LA), and right area of absorption peak (RA) increased with increasing nitrogen fertilization, whereas the normalized maximal absorption depth by area (NMAD) decreased. All the absorption feature parameters of continuumremoved spectra had significant correlations with LNA, and the relationship between NMAD and LNA was the best. The correlations in whole growth period were higher than that at any growth stage. From the viewpoint of growth stage, booting stage was the best growth stage to monitor the LNA. Regression analysis displayed that the LNA regression model based on the whole growth period was most available.

Application of 3S-technique in optimal distribution of lichee planting.

2010, 29(01):  187-192. 

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According to the growth requirements of lichee to ecological and climatic conditions, the adaptability indices of climatic regionalization for lichee planting were analyzed and determined. A spatial analytical model of the regionalization indices was established by statistical methods, and the regionalization indices were reckoned on refined grids of 500 m×500 m by -using 1∶250000 landform data. Based on the principles of spatial interpolation technique for discrete points, the remnant differences were interpolated to each spatial point. Through superposing the interpolation and reckon results, the refinement of regionalization indices on spatial distribution was realized. The land use information was picked up from ETM  satellite data, and, joining with 3Stechnique, the ecological climate regionalization was done for lichee optimal distribution. According to the climatic adaptability for lichee planting and the land use status, Nanning City of Guangxi was divided into optimal, suitable, sub-suitable, and unsuitable climatic regions, and the 3-dimensional stereo thematic map on refined grids was drawn. Each kind of the regions was remarked, and planting suggestions were proposed. This study could provide scientific basis to the adjustment of agricultural structure and the optimal distribution of lichee planting in Nanning City.