Abstract: Linear habitats refer to various types of linear landscape structures in rural landscapes that provide living environments for wildlife. They are widely distributed in rural areas, forming an essential basis for rural biodiversity. In the context of intensified agricultural development, the lack of awareness about the role of linear habitats has led to the degradation and even loss of rural ditches, rivers, streams, hedgerows, and other linear habitats, which urgently need to be protected. The research and restoration practices concerning linear habitats need to be further explored and expanded. We reviewed the current state of domestic and international research on rural linear habitats, explained the concepts and classifications of linear habitats, and discussed their biodiversity characteristics, including the symbiotic coexistence of native species, the coexistence of specialist and generalist species, and species migration with island-like features. We also summarized the functions of linear habitats as corridors, regulators, barriers, and carbon sinks. Based on this, strategies for the conservation and restoration of rural linear habitats were proposed from three aspects: habitat structure restoration, biological species recovery, and habitat network reshaping. Finally, based on the problems and challenges of existing research, we proposed suggestions for future research directions in rural linear habitats.

Key words: linear habitat, biodiversity, protection and restoration, rural landscape