Abstract: Photosynthesis is the source of biomass and energy production in the world. In addition to leaves, non-leaf green tissues and organs such as flowers, fruits, stems, and barks also show substantial capacity for photosynthesis. Non-leaf photosynthesis, especially the irreplaceable photosynthetic metabolism under stress conditions, has attracted considerable attention recently. In this paper, we reviewed the stomatal configuration, chloroplast formation, carbon assimilation regulation, and photosynthetic stress resistance of non-leaf photosynthetic tissues and organs. Our analyses are based on the structure and functions of non-leaf green tissues and organs, and would provide fundamental references for developing and improving photosynthetic potential of non-leaf green tissues and organs.

Key words: non-leaf green tissues and organs, photosynthesis, chloroplast, CO₂ recycling, photosynthetic pathway, stress resistance.