长江口长吻鮠的食性及其个体与区域差异

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202608.002

生态学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (8): 2485-2493.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202608.002

长江口长吻鮠的食性及其个体与区域差异

唐泽平^1,2,3,舒传俊^1,2,3,杨刚^2,3,耿智^2,3,赵峰^2,3,张涛^2,3*,郦珊^4*

（¹上海海洋大学水产与生命学院，上海 201306； ²中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所，农业农村部东海与长江口渔业资源环境科学观测实验站，上海 200090； ³中国水产科学研究院长江口渔业生态重点实验室，上海 200090； ⁴上海自然博物馆（上海科技馆分馆）长三角城市群生态安全与生物多样性保护实验室，上海 200041）

出版日期:2026-08-10 发布日期:2026-08-12

Dietary structure and the individual and regional differences of Leiocassis longirostris in the Yangtze River Estuary.

TANG Zeping^1,2,3, SHU Chuanjun^1,2,3, YANG Gang^2,3, GENG Zhi^2,3, ZHAO Feng^2,3, ZHANG Tao^2,3*, LI Shan^4*

(¹College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; ²East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, East China Sea and Yangtze River Estuary Fisheries Resources and Environmental Science Observation and Experiment Station, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 200090, China; ³ Key Laboratory of Fisheries Ecology in the Yangtze River Estuary, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China; ⁴Laboratory of Ecological Security and Biodiversity Conservation of Cities on the Yangtze River Delta, Shanghai Science and Technology Museum, Branch of Shanghai Science and Technology Museum, Shanghai 200041, China).

Online:2026-08-10 Published:2026-08-12

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 长江口是我国重要的渔业水域，为多种水生动物的生存与繁衍提供了良好的生态基础。随着长江禁捕政策的实施，长吻鮠（Leiocassis longirostris）等经济鱼类种群得以恢复。本研究于2024年5月在长江口采集长吻鮠样本，通过胃含物镜检分析其食性结构及空间差异。结果表明：共鉴定出25种饵料生物，主要为甲壳类动物，中华绒螯蟹（Eriocheir sinensis）大眼幼体占据绝对优势；对不同规格组长吻鮠胃含物的分析显示，长吻鮠幼鱼以水虱和中华绒螯蟹大眼幼体为主食，亚成鱼则以中华绒螯蟹大眼幼体为主，且部分个体开始捕食鱼类，成鱼出现同类残食现象；不同站点间饵料组成存在明显的空间异质性，主要受底栖资源分布及环境因子影响；长吻鮠食性结构的多样化反映了其对环境变化的较强适应能力，且禁捕后甲壳类资源尤其是中华绒螯蟹恢复较好。本研究为长江口渔业资源保护和生态管理提供了基础数据和科学参考。

关键词: 长吻鮠, 镜检, 食性分析, 食性选择, 长江口

Abstract: The Yangtze Estuary is one of the most important fishing grounds in China, providing favorable ecological conditions for the survival and reproduction of numerous aquatic organisms. Following the implementation of the Yangtze River fishing ban, populations of economically valuable species such as Leiocassis longirostris have begun to recover. In this study, L. longirostris specimens were collected in May 2024 from the Yangtze River Estuary. Stomach content microscopic examinations were conducted to analyze dietary composition and spatial variation. A total of 25 prey taxa were identified, dominated by crustaceans, with the zoeae of the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) overwhelmingly predominant. Diet composition varied across size classes. Juveniles primarily consumed water fleas and E. sinensis zoeae. Subadults mainly fed on E. sinensis zoeae with some individuals beginning to prey on fish, while adults exhibited signs of cannibalism. There was distinct spatial heterogeneity in prey composition among sampling stations, largely influenced by benthic resource distribution and environmental factors. The diversified dietary structure of L. longirostris reflects its strong adaptability to environmental changes, and crustacean resources—especially E. sinensis—showed substantial recovery following the fishing ban. These findings provide essential baseline data and scientific insights for fisheries resource conservation and ecological management in the Yangtze River Estuary.

Key words: Leiocassis longirostris, microscopic examination, feeding habit analysis, dietary preference, Yangtze River Estuary

唐泽平, 舒传俊, 杨刚, 耿智, 赵峰, 张涛, 郦珊. 长江口长吻鮠的食性及其个体与区域差异[J]. 生态学杂志, 2026, 45(8): 2485-2493.

TANG Zeping, SHU Chuanjun, YANG Gang, GENG Zhi, ZHAO Feng, ZHANG Tao, LI Shan. Dietary structure and the individual and regional differences of Leiocassis longirostris in the Yangtze River Estuary.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2026, 45(8): 2485-2493.

[1]	吴博双, 杜光月, 宋振阳, 漆梦婷, 潘一凡, 李小飞. 河口湿地化能自养固碳和铁结合有机碳对盐度与氮含量变化的响应 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2026, 45(6): 1983-1992.
[2]	赵文阁;董丙君;刘鹏;刘志涛. 胎生蜥蜴的捕食行为及其食性分析 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2006, 25(12): 1520-1523 .

长江口长吻鮠的食性及其个体与区域差异

Dietary structure and the individual and regional differences of Leiocassis longirostris in the Yangtze River Estuary.

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