氮添加和刈割对内蒙古草甸草原土壤交换性盐基离子及土壤酸缓冲能力的影响

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202605.005

生态学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (5): 1517-1523.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202605.005

氮添加和刈割对内蒙古草甸草原土壤交换性盐基离子及土壤酸缓冲能力的影响

牛明芬¹,徐明荟¹,荆泓翔¹,缪弘志^{2, 3},宋俏博²,马建²,陈欣²,胡艳宇^2*

(¹沈阳建筑大学市政与环境工程学院，沈阳 110168； ²中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所，额尔古纳森林草原过渡带生态系统研究站，沈阳 110016； ³中国科学院大学，北京 100049)

出版日期:2026-05-10 发布日期:2026-05-07

Effects of nitrogen addition and mowing on soil exchangeable base cations and soil acid buffering capacity in a meadow steppe of Inner Mongolia.

NIU Mingfen¹, XU Minghui¹, JING Hongxiang¹, MIAO Hongzhi^2,3, SONG Qiaobo², MA Jian², CHEN Xin², HU Yanyu^2*

(¹College of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China; ²Erguna Forest-Steppe Ecotone Research Station, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; ³University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China).

Online:2026-05-10 Published:2026-05-07

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 土壤交换性盐基离子（Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、K⁺和Na⁺）在缓冲土壤酸化与维持植物生长中有重要作用，明确其对氮添加和刈割的响应有助于准确评估氮沉降增加背景下草地生态系统结构与功能的变化，并揭示草地管理利用措施的调控作用。本研究以内蒙古呼伦贝尔草甸草原为对象，依托2014年建立的长期氮素添加试验平台，探讨了5个不同施氮水平（0、2、5、10和20 g N·m^-2·a^-1）及2种刈割处理下（刈割留茬10 cm和不刈割），土壤交换性盐基离子含量和土壤酸缓冲能力的变化及内在机制。结果表明：施氮量增加显著降低了土壤交换性Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、K⁺、Na⁺含量、盐基离子总量和土壤pH值；在不刈割条件下，高于10 g N·m^-2·a^-1的氮添加显著降低了土壤酸缓冲能力；盐基离子含量、土壤酸缓冲容量与土壤NH₄⁺、NO₃^-含量、植物地上生物量呈显著负相关，说明施氮通过促进植物生长对盐基阳离子的吸收、增强NH₄⁺对盐基离子的置换作用并加剧NO₃^-淋溶过程中伴随的盐基离子的流失，共同驱动了交换性盐基离子和土壤酸缓冲能力的降低，引起土壤酸化；高施氮量水平下（20 g N·m^-2·a^-1），刈割措施通过减弱氮添加对土壤无机氮含量和植物生长的促进作用，减缓了交换性盐基离子和土壤pH的降低。本研究揭示了长期氮输入导致草地土壤盐基离子损失和酸缓冲能力下降的生态过程，并指出刈割能够缓解这一负面效应，为草地科学管理与氮素合理利用提供了理论依据。

关键词: 交换性盐基离子, 土壤酸缓冲容量, 植物地上生物量, 草甸草原

Abstract: Soil exchangeable base cations (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺, and Na⁺) play a pivotal role in buffering soil acidification and supporting plant growth. Clarifying their responses to nitrogen (N) addition and mowing is conducive to accurately assess the changes of grassland ecosystem structure and function in the context of increasing N deposition, and to reveal the regulations of grassland management and utilization measure on N effects. We investigated the responses and underlying mechanisms of soil exchangeable base cation contents and soil acid buffering capacity to five N addition levels (0, 2, 5, 10, 20 g N·m^-2·a^-1) and two mowing treatments (mowing with 10 cm stubble, unmown) in a long-term N addition field experiment in a meadow steppe of Hulunbuir in Inner Mongolia. The results showed that increasing N addition significantly decreased the contents of soil exchangeable Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺, Na⁺, total base cations, and soil pH. Under unmown conditions, N addition above 10 g N·m^-2·a^-1 significantly reduced soil acid buffering capacity. Soil base cation content and acid buffering capacity were negatively correlated with soil NH₄⁺, NO₃^- contents, and plant aboveground biomass. This implied that N addition drove soil acidification by stimulating plant growth and base cations uptake, intensifying NH₄⁺induced displacement of base cations, and increasing NO₃^-leaching-associated loss of base cations. These mechanisms jointly depleted exchangeable base cations and weakened soil acid buffering capacity. Under the high N addition level of 20 g N·m^-2·a^-1, mowing mitigated the decrease of exchangeable base cations and soil pH by weakening the positive effects of N addition on soil inorganic N and plant growth. This study elucidates the ecological processes by which long-term N input leads to the loss of soil base cations and a decline in soil acid buffering capacity in grasslands, and highlights that mowing can mitigate these negative effects. It provides a theoretical basis for scientific grassland management and reasonable N utilization.

Key words: exchangeable base cation, soil acid buffering capacity, plant aboveground biomass, meadow steppe

牛明芬, 徐明荟, 荆泓翔, 缪弘志, 宋俏博, 马建, 陈欣, 胡艳宇. 氮添加和刈割对内蒙古草甸草原土壤交换性盐基离子及土壤酸缓冲能力的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2026, 45(5): 1517-1523.

NIU Mingfen, XU Minghui, JING Hongxiang, MIAO Hongzhi, SONG Qiaobo, MA Jian, CHEN Xin, HU Yanyu. Effects of nitrogen addition and mowing on soil exchangeable base cations and soil acid buffering capacity in a meadow steppe of Inner Mongolia.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2026, 45(5): 1517-1523.

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[2]	张殿岱,王雪梅. 塔里木盆地北缘绿洲-荒漠过渡带典型植物地上生物量估测 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2019, 38(10): 3211-3220.

氮添加和刈割对内蒙古草甸草原土壤交换性盐基离子及土壤酸缓冲能力的影响

Effects of nitrogen addition and mowing on soil exchangeable base cations and soil acid buffering capacity in a meadow steppe of Inner Mongolia.

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