不同浓度聚乙烯和聚氯乙烯微塑料对玉米幼苗生长的影响

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202601.002

生态学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (1): 182-191.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202601.002

不同浓度聚乙烯和聚氯乙烯微塑料对玉米幼苗生长的影响

柯娜¹,宋先宇¹,向永成¹,汪倩¹,梁超²,蒋梦蝶¹,易丽霞¹,聂江文^1*,刘章勇¹

（¹长江大学农学院湿地生态与农业利用教育部工程研究中心，湖北荆州 434025； ²先正达中国投资有限公司，上海 200000）

出版日期:2026-01-10 发布日期:2026-01-09

Effects of different concentrations of polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride microplastics on the growth of maize seedlings.

KE Na¹, SONG Xianyu¹, XIANG Yongcheng¹, WANG Qian¹, LIANG Chao², JIANG Mengdie¹, YI Lixia¹, NIE Jiangwen^1*, LIU Zhangyong¹

(¹Wetland Ecology and Agricultural Utilization Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, School of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China; ²Syngenta China Investment Limited, Shanghai 200000, China).

Online:2026-01-10 Published:2026-01-09

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 塑料的广泛使用导致农田土壤中普遍存在微塑料（microplastics，MPs），这种新兴污染物对作物生长和发育有明显的影响。为分析不同浓度和类型MPs对玉米幼苗生长特性的影响，本研究选取粒径0.15 mm的聚乙烯（polyethylene，PE）和聚氯乙烯（polyvinyl chloride，PVC）2种MPs，并设置3种MPs暴露质量浓度（0 (CK)、0.5%和5%）开展盆栽试验，分析不同MPs处理对玉米幼苗株高、叶面积、叶片SPAD值、干物质积累和根系形态的影响。结果表明：玉米幼苗生长主要受MPs质量浓度的影响，而非MPs类型；与CK相比，5% MPs处理下玉米幼苗的株高、叶面积、地上部生物量和根系生物量均呈增加趋势，而0.5% MPs处理下则呈下降趋势；其中，与CK相比，0.5% PVC-MPs处理下玉米株高、叶面积和SPAD值均显著降低（P<0.05），而在5% PE-MPs处理条件下玉米幼苗的叶片及地上部生物量呈现显著提升（P<0.05），5% PVC-MPs处理条件下玉米幼苗的叶片、茎秆、地上部及地下部生物量均呈现显著提升（P<0.05）；同时，相较于CK，5% MPs处理组的根系长度、根系体积和根系表面积分别显著增加了55.1%～162.5%、53.3%～86.9%和106.8%～127.7%，而0.5% MPs对各项根系指标无显著影响；5%质量浓度的MPs促进玉米幼苗健康指数升高，而相同质量浓度MPs下PVC和PE间玉米各生长指标均无显著差异。主成分分析表明，5% PE-MPs和5% PVC-MPs处理玉米幼苗性状主要由地上部生物量、叶干重、总生物量、根系表面积和根系体积驱动，而0.5% PE-MPs和0.5% PVC-MPs处理玉米幼苗性状由根冠比驱动。综上，MPs质量浓度而非类型对于玉米幼苗生长具有显著影响，且整体呈现“低抑高促”趋势。

关键词: 聚乙烯, 聚氯乙烯, 植物健康指数, 根系形态

Abstract: The extensive use of plastics has led to the widespread presence of microplastics (MPs) in agricultural soils, which are emerging pollutants with a significant impact on crop growth and development. This study aims to analyze the effects of different concentrations and types of MPs on the growth of maize seedlings. There were two types of MPs with a particle size of 0.15 mm, polyethylene (PE) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and three exposure concentrations \[0 (CK), 0.5%, and 5%\]. Height, leaf area, leaf SPAD value, dry matter accumulation, and root morphology of maize seedling under different MPs treatments were analyzed. The results showed that the growth of maize seedlings was mainly influenced by MPs concentration instead of MPs type. Compared with that in the CK, plant height, leaf area, aboveground biomass, and root biomass showed an increasing trend under 5% MPs treatment, but a decreasing trend under 0.5% MPs treatment. Compared with that in the CK, plant height, leaf area, and SPAD value were significantly reduced under 0.5% PVC MPs treatment (P<0.05). Conversely, leaf and aboveground biomass were significantly increased under 5% PE MPs treatment (P<0.05), and leaf, stem, aboveground biomass, and belowground biomass were significantly increased under 5% PVC MPs treatment (P<0.05). The 5% MPs treatment significantly increased root length, root volume, and root surface area by 55.1%-162.5%, 53.3%-86.9%, and 106.8%-127.7%, respectively, while 0.5% MPs had no significant effect on root variables. Overall, a 5% concentration of MPs enhanced the plant health index of maize seedlings, with no significant differences in various growth indicators between PVC and PE under the same concentration of MPs. Principal component analysis revealed that the traits of maize seedlings treated with 5% PE-MPs and 5% PVC-MPs were mainly driven by aboveground biomass, leaf dry weight, total biomass, root surface area, and root volume, while the traits of maize seedlings treated with 0.5% PE-MPs and 0.5% PVC-MPs were driven by root/shoot ratio. In summary, the concentration of MPs, rather than their type, significantly affects the growth of maize seedlings, exhibiting a general trend of “inhibition under low concentration and promotion under high concentration”.

Key words: polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, plant health index, root morphology

柯娜, 宋先宇, 向永成, 汪倩, 梁超, 蒋梦蝶, 易丽霞, 聂江文, 刘章勇. 不同浓度聚乙烯和聚氯乙烯微塑料对玉米幼苗生长的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2026, 45(1): 182-191.

KE Na, SONG Xianyu, XIANG Yongcheng, WANG Qian, LIANG Chao, JIANG Mengdie, YI Lixia, NIE Jiangwen, LIU Zhangyong. Effects of different concentrations of polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride microplastics on the growth of maize seedlings.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2026, 45(1): 182-191.

不同浓度聚乙烯和聚氯乙烯微塑料对玉米幼苗生长的影响

Effects of different concentrations of polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride microplastics on the growth of maize seedlings.

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 1

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价