辽西半干旱区青贮作物的营养品质及养分利用特征

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202409.042

生态学杂志 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (9): 2784-2791.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202409.042

辽西半干旱区青贮作物的营养品质及养分利用特征

井国雁^1,2,3,武辰冉^1,2,3,梁志鹏⁴,王树强^1,2,3,姜东奇^1,3,张玉兰^1,3,陈振华^1,3*

(¹中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所，沈阳 110016； ²中国科学院大学，北京 100049； ³辽宁省现代保护性耕作与生态农业重点实验室，沈阳 110016； ⁴阜新蒙古族自治县塔营子镇农业综合服务中心，辽宁阜新 123111）

出版日期:2024-09-10 发布日期:2024-09-13

Nutritional quality and nutrient utilization properties of silage crops in a semiarid area of western Liaoning Province.

JING Guoyan^1,2,3, WU Chenran^1,2,3, LIANG Zhipeng⁴, WANG Shuqiang^1,2,3, JIANG Dongqi^1,3, ZHANG Yulan^1,3, CHEN Zhenhua^1,3*

(¹Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; ²University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; ³Key Lab of Conservation Tillage & Ecological Agriculture, Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110016, China; ⁴Fuxin Mongolian Autonomous County Tayingzi Town Agricultural Comprehensive Service Center, Fuxin 123111, Liaoning, China).

Online:2024-09-10 Published:2024-09-13

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探明辽西半干旱区青贮作物的营养品质和养分需求特征，本研究在辽宁阜新蒙古族自治县设置青贮玉米、甜高粱和高丹草种植试验，对其产量、营养品质、饲用价值、矿质养分进行比较分析。结果表明：（1）同等栽培管理条件下，高丹草鲜产和干产都显著高于青贮玉米和甜高粱，干物质产量达到34.22 t·hm^-2。（2）青贮发酵能够提高青贮作物的粗蛋白、粗脂肪，降低粗纤维、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、木质素含量；相较于甜高粱和高丹草，青贮玉米的营养品质更好。（3）青贮发酵提高了青贮作物的饲用价值，青贮玉米的消化性干物质、干物质采食量、相对饲用价值显著高于甜高粱和高丹草。（4）3种青贮作物植株的氮（N）、磷（P）、钾（K）含量无显著差异，3种青贮作物的N、P、K需求大约在200～300、60～90、320～580 kg·hm^-2，高丹草的N、P、K吸收量显著高于青贮玉米和甜高粱，对K的需求量大。综合分析表明，青贮发酵能有效改善青贮作物的营养品质，青贮玉米是当地较为适宜种植的青贮作物类型，研究结果为辽西地区青贮作物的高产栽培和推广应用提供了重要支撑。

关键词: 青贮玉米, 甜高粱, 高丹草, 养分特征, 秸秆饲料化利用

Abstract: To investigate nutritional quality and nutrient requirements of silage crops in the semiarid area of western Liaoning Province, a field experiment was carried out with three silage crops including silage corn, sweet sorghum, and Sorghum bicolor ×S. sudanense in Fuxin Mongolian Autonomous County, Liaoning Province. Crop yield, nutritional quality, feed value, and plant mineral nutrients were determined. The results showed that: (1) Under the same cultivation management conditions, fresh and dry yields of S. bicolor ×S. sudanense were significantly higher than those of silage corn and sweet sorghum, with the highest dry matter yield reaching 34.22 t·hm^-2. (2) Silage fermentation increased the contents of crude protein and crude fat in silage crops, while reduced that of crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and lignin. Silage corn demonstrated superior nutritional quality than sweet sorghum and S. bicolor ×S. sudanense. (3) Silage fermentation enhanced the forage value of silage crops, with silage corn showing significantly higher digestible dry matter, dry matter intake, and relative forage value than sweet sorghum and S. bicolor ×S. sudanense. (4) There were no significant differences in nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) contents of the three silage crops, with N, P, and K requirements being about 200-300, 60-90 and 320-580 kg·hm^-2, respectively. S. bicolor ×S. sudanense exhibited significantly higher N, P, and K uptake compared to silage corn and sweet sorghum, with a notable demand for K. In conclusion, silage fermentation effectively improved nutritional quality of silage crops, and silage corn would be a more suitable silage crop in western Liaoning Province. Our results provide important support for the high-yield cultivation and promotion of silage crops in western Liaoning.

Key words: silage corn, sweet sorghum, Sorghum bicolor ×S. sudanense, nutrient characteristics, straw feed utilization

井国雁, 武辰冉, 梁志鹏, 王树强, 姜东奇, 张玉兰, 陈振华. 辽西半干旱区青贮作物的营养品质及养分利用特征[J]. 生态学杂志, 2024, 43(9): 2784-2791.

JING Guoyan, WU Chenran, LIANG Zhipeng, WANG Shuqiang, JIANG Dongqi, ZHANG Yulan, CHEN Zhenhua. Nutritional quality and nutrient utilization properties of silage crops in a semiarid area of western Liaoning Province.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2024, 43(9): 2784-2791.

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辽西半干旱区青贮作物的营养品质及养分利用特征

Nutritional quality and nutrient utilization properties of silage crops in a semiarid area of western Liaoning Province.

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