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生态学杂志 ›› 2023, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (7): 1764-1773.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202307.008

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鲨类的持久性有机污染物研究进展及应用前景

任虹烨1,马玉欣2*,李云凯1,3,4,5*   

  1. 1上海海洋大学海洋科学学院, 上海 201306; 2上海交通大学海洋学院, 上海 200030; 3农业农村部远洋与极地渔业创新重点实验室, 上海 200009; 4青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室, 山东青岛 200071; 5大洋渔业资源可持续开发省部共建教育部重点实验室, 上海 201306)

  • 出版日期:2023-07-10 发布日期:2023-07-07

Research progress and application prospect on persistent organic pollutants in sharks.

REN Hongye1, MA Yuxin2*, LI Yunkai1,3,4,5*   

  1. (1College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; 2School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China; 3Key Laboratory of Oceanic and Polar Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 200009, China; 4Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 200071, Shandong, China; 5Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploration of Oceanic Fisheries Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China).

  • Online:2023-07-10 Published:2023-07-07

摘要: 持久性有机污染物(POPs)可在环境中持久存在,通过大气、水体和物种迁徙从近海向深远海传输,易在生物体内富集,具致癌、致畸、致突变效应。海洋中的POPs多贮存于海水和海底沉积物中,并可沿食物链传递,在生物体内积累放大,对生境和物种健康具有潜在威胁,已引起了广泛关注。POPs的含量水平受环境污染程度、气候变化、种间摄食行为、代谢能力、脂肪含量以及代际传递等因素影响。鲨类是海洋中的关键捕食者,对生态系统结构和功能具有强调控作用。近些年,全球鲨类资源显著下降。鲨类多处于海洋食物网的顶端或近顶端,由于POPs的生物富集和放大效应,鲨类体内含量相对较高,不利于其资源恢复。为了解POPs对鲨类的影响及其潜在科学研究价值,本文整理了20余年来国内外鲨类POPs的研究,归纳总结了POPs在鲨体内的富集过程和影响因素、污染水平以及对鲨类的生理损伤及生态方面应用。鲨体内POPs主要集中于肝脏,以多氯联苯、滴滴涕和多溴联苯醚为主,对内分泌、免疫、生殖和神经系统,乃至生长发育均具有较大负面影响。此外,在厘清种间种内资源利用方式、营养生态位分化及评估栖息环境污染状况等方面,鲨体内POPs特征也有潜在应用价值。


关键词: 持久性有机污染物, 生物富集, 鲨类, 污染水平

Abstract: Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) can persist in the environment. They are transported from the offshore to the far-reaching sea through atmosphere, water, and species migration. They are easy to accumulate in organisms, with carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic effects. POPs in the ocean are mostly stored in seawater and seabed sediments. They can be transferred along the food chain and accumulate and magnify in organisms, posing a potential threat to habitats and animal health. POPs levels are affected by environmental pollution, climate change, interspecific feeding behavior, metabolic capacity, fat content, and intergenerational transmission. Sharks are key predators of marine, with strong regulatory roles on ecosystem structure and functioning. In recent years, the abundance of sharks has declined globally. Sharks occupy the top or near top trophic position of the marine food web. Due to the bioaccumulation and bioamplification effects of POPs, POPs content in sharks is relatively high, which is not conducive to their resource recovery. In this review, research progress and applications of POPs in sharks were reviewed with the aim of evaluating their impacts on sharks and their potential values in scientific research on shark ecology. POPs in sharks are mainly concentrated in the livers, comprising predominantly of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), which have negative impacts on endocrine, immune, reproductive, and nervous systems, and even growth and development. In addition, POPs in sharks also have potential applications in clarifying allocation patterns of interspecific and intraspecific resources, trophic niche partitioning, and the assessment of habitat environmental pollution.


Key words: persistent organic pollutant, bioaccumulation, shark, pollution level.