关键词: 农业气候资源, 平均资源适宜指数, 平均效能适宜指数, 平均资源利用指数

Abstract: It is of great significance for promoting agricultural production to evaluate the status of regional agricultural climate resources, find out the factors limiting the effective matching of agricultural climate resources, and improve the utilization rate of agricultural climate resources. Based on the meteorological data of daily temperature, precipitation and sunshine hours from 108 surface meteorological stations in Shanxi Province during 1981-2018 and the observation data of growth period of spring maize, summer maize and winter wheat from 31 agricultural meteorological stations, we analyzed the suitability degree, matching status and utilization rate of climate resources in different crop growing areas of Shanxi Province, using average resource suitability index, average efficacy suitability index, and average resource utilization index. The results showed that: (1) The suitability degree, matching degree and utilization rate of climate resources were high in most of the planting areas of spring maize in Shanxi Province, with a trend of increasing in the west and decreasing in the middle and eastern planting areas in Shanxi Province from 1981 to 2018. The low temperature restricted the reasonable matching of light, temperature and water to spring maize in the middle and western regions of Shuozhou and Xinzhou Prefecture, resulting in lower utilization rate. (2) The climate resource suitability was high in most of the planting areas of summer maize, but with low matching degree of climate resource. The utilization rate of climate resource to summer maize was low in western parts of Yuncheng Prefecture due to the low precipitation. The climate resource degree, matching status and utilization rate were lower in most of the summer maize planting areas. (3) The spatial distribution pattern of the average resource suitability index, average efficacy suitability index and average resource utilization index in the planting areas of winter wheat in Shanxi Province was low in the northwest and high in the southeast. The low precipitation in the northwest led to the poor matching of light, temperature, and water. The average resource utilization was lower in the northwest. The utilization rate of climate resources was higher in Changzhi, Jincheng, central Linfen and eastern Yuncheng, and lower in Lüliang, Taiyuan, Jinzhong and western Yuncheng. Thus, the effective way to improve the utilization rate of climate resources is to increase the utilization rate of heat resources in Northern Shanxi, and to increase the utilization rate of water resources in the Central and Southern Shanxi. It should consider the adverse effects of continuous temperature increase on crop growth and development in Yuncheng and Linfen basin of Southern Shanxi.

Key words: agricultural climate resource, average resource suitability index, average efficacy suitability index, average resource utilization index.