Abstract: Nest construction effort may affect the reproduction of parent birds and their subsequent capacity to care for offspring. The difference of nest material components may also affect bird reproduction. This study examined the influence of nest construction cost and nest material components on breeding performance of Parus major by analyzing 35 nests. The results showed that total nest mass was negatively correlated with the number of fledglings, fledging success rate and breeding success rate. The mass of feather and its proportional contribution to the total nest mass were positively correlated with clutch size, the number of hatchlings, and fledglings, but negatively correlated with firstegg date. Clutch size and the number of hatchlings were positively related to the mass of plant stem and its proportional contribution to the nest mass. The results suggest that there would be fewer fledglings with less fledging success and breeding success from the nest that costs more energy from parents during construction. In contrast, the nest with more insulation and supporting materials will ensure better breeding performance.