Topographic features often play a role in redistributing the ecological factors such as light, temperature, rainfall and so on, thus altering the tree growth. Leaf samples of Quercus wutaishanica were collected and topographical factors were investigated in the southern slope of Mount Dongling, to study the tree species’ specific leaf area (SLA), leaf dry matter content (LDMC) and some other traits in leaf structure, aiming to examine the adaptive responses of those traits to variable topographic factors. Significant correlations were found among SLA, LDMC, leaf density (LD). The leaf traits, such as leaf size (LS), leaf fresh weight (LFW) and leaf dry weight (LDW), decreased at first and then increased with increasing the altitude, presenting a quadratic trend, with the minimums occurring at the elevation of 1400-1600 m. The relationship between the leaf traits (SLA, LDMC) and the altitude in the valley was different from that in the ridge, which could be explained by the different local water regimes resulted from the topographic change of valleytoridge locations. LS, LFW and LDW differentiated significantly from sunny to shady slope exposures. Altitude was the primary factor influencing SLA, LDMC, whereas slope aspect dominated the shaping of LS, LDW and LFW.