Abstract: In order to make clear the influences of temperatures on the development and fecundity of Cinara formosana， C. formosana was reared individually on Chinese pine (Pinus tabuliformis) seedlings at constant temperatures of 13, 17, 21, 25 and 29 ℃ in incubators in laboratory. Death and molting were checked and newly born nymphs were recorded daily and then discarded. The results showed that the nymph developmental duration had a parabolic curvilinear response to temperature, with an optimum at 25 ℃. The nymph developmental duration was reduced as the temperature increased from 13 ℃ to 25 ℃. The whole nymph duration was 24.0 d at 13 ℃ and 12.5 d at 25 ℃. However, 29 ℃ was unfavorable to the development and the duration was prolonged. The lifespan and adult longevity was negatively correlated with the temperature. The lifespan ranged between 59.7-23.4 d and the adult longevity between 35.4-7.5 d at 13-29 ℃. The fecundity had a curvilinear response to temperature with an optimum at 21 ℃. The average fecundity was 46.0 nymphys per adult at 21 ℃, 17.6 at 25 ℃, but none at 29 ℃. The prereproduction period was not affected significantly by temperature. The largest intrinsic rate (r_m) was 0.113 and the net reproduction rate (R₀) was 19.353 at 21 ℃, while the population doubling time was the shortest, being only 6.1 d. The study indicated that temperature affected the C. formosana development significantly and 21 ℃ was an optimum.

Key words: wastewater treatment., sensing signal molecule, quorum sensing, regulation behavior