The effects of severe forest fire on the forest soil habitat factors in the high latitude and cold area of Greater Xing’an Mountains were studied. Twelve soil habitat factors from burned area and unburned area were monitored in three years. It was founded that, in the 1st year, severe forest fire decreased the thickness of the litter layer, soil bulk density, the content of soil water, water stable aggregates, soil organic matter and microbial biomass carbon, while increased the surface soil temperature, soil pH and the amount of soil ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus, and exchangeable bases. In the 3rd year, some of the soil habitat factors of the burned area exhibited larger differences compared with the unburned area, such as the thickness of litter layer, soil density, the content of soil organic matter, water stable aggregates and nitrate nitrogen; however, the other soil habitat factors of the burned area showed a trend of recovery, such as surface soil temperature, pH, soil water content, ammonium nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable bases and soil microbial biomass carbon. Our results can provide basic data for the assessment of soil habitat quality.