Seasonal variations in community structure of aquatic insects were investigated in the collapse lakes of Huaibei mining area (South Lake and East Lake) in 2013. A total of 30 species were collected, which belonged to 14 families and 6 orders. A total of 21 species were recorded in the South Lake, belonging to 12 families and 6 orders, while 27 species were recorded in the East Lake, belonging to 13 families and 5 orders. The average density of aquatic insects was 118.0 ind·m^-2 in the South Lake and 151.3 ind·m^-2 in the East Lake. The maximum density of aquatic insects was 259.0 ind·m^-2 in the South Lake and 335.2 ind·m^-2 in the East Lake. In the South Lake, Dytiscidae, Belostomatidae, Chironomidae and Corixidae were dominant in spring and winter, and Culicidae, Chironomidae, Libellulidae and Corixidae were dominant in summer and autumn. In the East Lake, Dytiscidae and Hydrophilidae were dominant in spring and winter, while Culicidae, Chironomidae, Libellulidae and Corixidae were dominant in summer and autumn. The Shannon index and Pielou index had obvious seasonal variations in the two lakes. Analysis of variance showed that the community structure of aquatic insects in the collapse lakes of Huaibei mining area varied significantly in different seasons. Redundancy analysis indicated that water temperature, dissolved oxygen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and transparency had decisive influence on the community structure of aquatic insects in the collapse lakes of Huaibei mining area.