Abstract: Lake Qinghai, a typical salinealkaline water body, has a low calcium concentration, which is only 1/10 of the seawater with same salinity. The static acute toxicity test and laboratory growth experiment were conducted to explore the effect of Ca²⁺ concentrations on the survival and growth of juvenile Gymnocypris przewalskii. The results showed that 100% of the juveniles G. przewalskii survived in water of Ca²⁺ concentration from 0 to 2431.10 mg·L^-1 in 96 h. In the 60 d growth experiment, juveniles G. przewalskii in both the high Ca²⁺ group (the concentration of Ca²⁺ was （1246.02±9.83） mg·L^-1) and low Ca²⁺ group (10.83±0.11） mg·L^-1 had a significantly lower body length, body weight, absolute growth rate of body length, and absolute growth rate and specific growth rate of body weight than the control group (with Ca²⁺ concentration of （120.65±1.62） mg·L^-1, although their survival rates were higher than 95%. All the indicators measured were ranked as high Ca²⁺ group < low Ca²⁺ group < control group. The growth index was reduced more obviously in the high Ca²⁺ group and the specific growth rate was only 54.62% of that in the control group. In conclusion, G. przewalskii can survive in water with a wide range of Ca²⁺ concentration, but high or low Ca²⁺ concentration would lead to poor growth performance of G. przewalskii, especially in high Ca²⁺ concentration.