Abstract: This paper studied the variation characteristics of the contents of glucose, fructose, sucrose, and total soluble sugar in the leaves of dominant plant species Haloxylon ammodendron, Nitraria tangutorum, Zygophyllum xanthoxylon, Reaumuria songarica, and Salsola passerina in Alxa desert in different growth seasons. The total soluble sugar content in the desert dominant plant species exhibited different seasonal variation patterns, with a “V” curve for H. ammodendron and S. passerine, an “N” curve for N. tangutorum and R. songarica, and a “W” curve for Z. xanthoxylon. The ratio of sucrose to hexose in R. songarica and S. passerine leaves was greater than 1, and had similar seasonal variation pattern. Sucrose occupied the largest proportion of the accumulated soluble sugar in different seasons, followed by fructose, and glucose. This study would be helpful for better understanding the physiological regulation mechanism and adaptation mode of desert plants.