Abstract: Xinjiang is located in arid-deserted area. Owing to the shortage of water and bioresources, the fragility of ecological balance and the long-term unreasonable artificial activity, the environment is getting worse and worse, which is displayed mainly as follows: 1. The consuming amount of forest resource in mountain area is 2-13% larger than its growing amount. 2. The euphrates poplar in Tarim Basin is decreased 46.9%. 3. The area of deserted lands is enlarged. 4. Natural grassland is degraded, and the grass yield is decreased 20—40%. 5. Soil fertility is decreased, and the area of secondary salinization is enlarged to 34% of cultivated area. Main counter-measures for these are improving the establishment of oase and protecting the desert vegetations and natural forests.

Key words: Double-cropping rice, Scattering planting, Tillage method, Grain yield, Economic benefits