Process of nitrogen uptake by rice paddy ecosystem and its economic value

Abstract

Abstract: Rice plants in paddy ecosystems take up nitrogen from the soil,store it in straw or transform it into protein and amino acid in seed.This is one of the most important processes of nitrogen cycling in rice field ecosystems.Based on the data from field experiment in Wusi Farm of Shanghai in 2003,we examined the process of nitrogen uptake by rice plants,estimated its economic value with the method of replacement price and compared the quantities of the nitrogen uptake and their economic values among different regions,fertilizer dose and crops.The results indicated that the nitrogen uptake by rice plants accumulated rapidly between tillering and heading stage and decreased a short time before harvest stage.The economic values of nitrogen uptake increased with growth stages.Fertilization promoted the accumulation of nitrogen uptakes and their economic values.The nitrogen uptakes by rice plants and their economic values were higher than those by wheat and rape.The quantities of the nitrogen transformed into seed and their economic values were more than that into straw.

Key words: Black earth, CH₄ emission, Microbial biomass, Soil respiration

CLC Number:

S154.4

XIAO Yu, XIE Gaodi, LU Chunxia. Process of nitrogen uptake by rice paddy ecosystem and its economic value[J]. cje, 2005, (9): 1068-1073.

References

[1] 孙羲.1990.作物营养与施肥[M].北京:农业出版社.
[2] 成克武,崔国发,王建中,等.2000.北京喇叭沟门林区森林生物多样性经济价值评价[J].北京林业大学学报,22(4):66～71.
[3] 何文清,陈源泉,高旺盛,等.2004.农牧交错带风蚀沙化区农业生态系统服务功能的经济价值评估[J].生态学杂志,23(3):49～53.
[4] 张洪程,王秀芹,戴其根,等.2003.施氮量对杂交稻两优培九产量、品质及吸氮特性的影响[J].中国农业科学,36(7):800～806.
[5] 李方敏,艾天成,周升波,等.2004.缓释氮肥对水稻的增产效果及其氮素利用率[J].土壤通报,35(3):311～315.
[6] 李楠,陈冠雄.1993.植物释放N₂O速率及施肥的影响[J].应用生态学报,4(3):295～298.
[7] 肖寒,欧阳志云,赵景柱,等.2000.森林生态系统服务功能及其生态经济价值评估初探--以海南岛尖峰岭热带森林为例[J].应用生态学报,11(4):481～484.
[8] 苏祖芳,周培南,许乃霞,等.2001.密肥条件对水稻氮素吸收和产量形成的影响[J].中国水稻科学,15(4):281～286.
[9] 欧阳志云,赵同谦,赵景柱,等.2004.海南岛生态系统生态调节功能及其生态经济价值研究[J].应用生态学报,15(8):1395～1402.
[10] 唐湘如.2000.施氮对饲用杂交稻产量和蛋白质含量的影响及其机理研究[J].杂交水稻,15(2):34～37.
[11] 徐琪,杨林章,董元华,等.1998.中国稻田生态系统[M].北京:中国农业出版社.
[12] 顾永明,汪寅虎,陈春宏,等.1994.上海郊区农田养分平衡状况的宏观分析[J].土壤通报,25(7):41～44.
[13] 高旺盛,董孝斌.2003.黄土高原丘陵沟壑区脆弱农业生态系统服务评价[J].自然资源学报,18(2):182～188.
[14] 黄见良,李合松,李建辉,等.1998.不同杂交水稻吸氮特性与物质生产的关系[J].核农学报,12(2):89～94.
[15] 董明辉,张洪程,戴其根,等.2002.不同粳稻品种氮素吸收利用特点的研究[J].扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版),23(4):43～46.
[16] 薛达元,包浩生,李文华.1999.长白山自然保护区森林生态系统间接经济价值评估[J].中国环境科学,19(3):247～252.
[17] Boumans R, Costanza R, Farley J, et al. 2002. Modeling the dynamics of the integrated earth system and the value of global ecosystem services using the GUMBO model [J]. Ecol. Econ.,41: 529～ 560.
[18] Cassman KG, Peng S, Olk DC, et al. 1998. Opportunities for increased nitrogen-use efficiency from improved resource management in irrigated rice systems [J]. Field Crop Res., 56, 7～39.
[19] Costanza R, d' Arge R, de Groot R, et al. 1997. The value of the world' s ecosystem services and nature [J]. Nature, 387: 253 ～260.
[20] Daily GC. 1997. Nature's Service:Societal Dependence on Natural Ecosystems [M]. Washington DC: Island Press.
[21] Fillery IRP, Roger PA, De Datta SK. 1986. Ammonia volatilization from nitrogen sources applied to rice fields: Ⅱ . Floodwater properties and submerged photosynthetic biomass [J]. Soil Sci.Soc. Am.J.,50,86～91.
[22] Jiang LG, Dai TB, Jiang D, et al. 2004. Characterizing physiological N-use efficiency as influenced by nitrogen management in three rice cultivars [J]. Field Crop Res., 88,239～250.
[23] Peng S, Cassman KG. 1998. Upper thresholds of nitrogen uptake rates and associated nitrogen fertilizer efficiencies in irrigated rice [J]. Agron. J., 90,178～185.
[24] Smil V. 2002. Nitrogen and Food Production: Proteins for Human Diets [J]. Ambio., 31(2), 126～ 131.