Abstract: We measured the emission fluxes of greenhouse gases (CH₄, CO₂, and N₂O) during the growing season from wetland soils of differently degrading permafrost (seasonally frozen soil, perennially discontinuously frozen soil and continuous permafrost, represented by D1, D2 and D3, respectively) around Xing’an Mountains by insitu static chambergas chromatography method. The effects of environmental factors on greenhouse gas emission were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) During the growing season, the wetland soils of all the three frozensoil regions were sources of CO₂ and N₂O, the soils in D1 and D3 were the sources of CH₄, while soil in D2 was CH₄ sink. The average fluxes of CH₄ during the growing season in the three frozen soils were (0.127±0.021), (-0.020±0.006) and (0.082±0.019) mg·m^-2·h^-1, respectively. The average CO₂ fluxes were (371.50±66.73), (318.43±55.67) and (213.19±37.05) mg·m^-2·h^-1, respectively. The average N₂O fluxes were (24.05±2.62), (8.07±2.42) and (2.17±0.25) μg·m^-2·h^-1, respectively. The emissi〖HJ*3〗on fluxes of CO₂ and N₂O increased with the degradation of permafrost. (2) Fine root biomass, litter biomass, total carbon content, total nitrogen content, dissolved organic carbon content, total dissolved nitrogen content, soil bulk density, soil temperature and soil moisture were the factors driving greenhouse gas emission. Variations in emission fluxes of CH₄, CO₂ and N₂O were the results of the interactions among different factors in the three frozen soil regions.

Key words: unmanned aerial vehicles ecology, LiDAR., hyperspectral imager, thermal infrared imager, multispectral imager, low-altitude remote sensing