Abstract: The scan sampling technique was used to examine the winter behaviors of Tundra Swans (Cygnus columbianus) from December 2016 to March 2017 in a lotus pond reclamation area around Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Province, China. Resting (45.93%) and feeding (30.52%) were the main behaviors. Grooming, flying and vigilance behaviors of adults were significantly higher than those of young birds. The locomotion budget at temperatures of 10-15 SymbolpB@C was significantly higher than that at other temperatures. Grooming behavior in shallowwater area was significantly higher than that in deepwater area. With respect to daily behavioral rhythm, small resting peaks occurred in 07:00-07:59 and 13:00-13:59, with nadirs occurring in 09:00-09:59 and 17:00-17:59. Resting behavior was dominant in each period, suggesting a survival strategydominated by resting. Feeding behavior peaked in 17:00-17:59 and with no obvious nadirs, probably to gain energy to compensate overnight consumption by increasing  feeding time. The resting curve fluctuation of adults was less than that of young birds, indicating that the resting behavior of young birds was more random. Moreover, the feeding curve fluctuation of adults was less than that of young birds, indicating adult feeding behavior was stable, with an evening peak to deal with cooler conditions. Fluctuations in feeding and resting curves were smaller in deepwater area than shallowwater area, indicating that deep waters would be more suitable for bird survival.

Key words: intracellular substrate transfer, intercellular electron transfer, eco-physiological significance., intercellular hydrogen/formate transfer, electron transfer mechanism