Abstract: Nitrogen (N) fertilizer management is an important procedure in high-yield cultivation for rice. Identifying the effects of N management strategies on N metabolism in rice and N transformation and translocation in paddy soils will be of great significance in improving N use efficiency (NUE) of rice and increasing benefits of rice planting. We reviewed the effects of N management strategies on the expression of N transporters and the activity of key enzymes in N metabolism of rice, and analyzed the interaction between N metabolism and carbon metabolism. We summarized the effects of N application strategies and methods on the transformation and translocation of different N forms in paddy soils. The regular patterns of N loss affected by the N application strategies and methods and the possible regulation approaches for reducing N loss were also concluded. We argued that although the influence of N management on the N metabolism in rice at the physiological level is clear, the research at the genetic and molecular level is limited. Although it is certain that the improvement of N management in rice fields has made an obvious contribution to the enhancement of NUE, there are many problems in practical application, which need further improvement. Further studies should focus on deeply exploiting the potential of N metabolism in rice, thereby increasing the NUE combined with more efficient N application strategies in paddy soils.

Key words: spatial distribution, marine bay, macroinvertebrate, Fujian Province, subtidal zone, environmental factor