Weed management is an important practice in agricultural activities and is known to influence aboveground biodiversity in cropland. To understand the influence of weeds on soil biodiversity, we conducted a litterbag experiment to investigate the effects of weed leaves (Amaranthus retroflexus and Echinochloa hispidula) and maize leaves (fresh and mature) on soil Collembola in Jilin Province, China. A total of 6269 collembolans were collected and classified into 11 species representing 9 genera from 5 families. The dominant taxa were Thalassaphorura encarpata, Heteroisotoma sp. 1, and Folsomia sp. 1. Leaf addition, especially fresh corn leaves, significantly increased soil collembolan abundance and changed the community composition. More-over, the decomposition rate of A. retroflexus leaves was significantly higher than the decomposition rates of the other leaves. The results indicated that the substrate quality of leaves plays an important role in collembolan community composition and thus in the process of decomposition in cropland. The decomposition rate of leaf had no significant correlation with the number of collembolans, which may be related in the diets of collembolans.