Abstract: Panax notoginseng is a rare traditional Chinese medicinal material, but its cultivation has been seriously affected by consecutive monoculture problems (CMP). The possible reasons for CMP include continuous croppingdriven changes in microbial community structure and soilborne diseases, in allelochemical accumulation and autotoxic effect, and in soil physical and chemical properties and so on. Previous efforts were focused on the effect of a single factor on CMP of P. notoginseng or on its direct prevention and remedy of pest and disease in replanted soil. However, few attentions were paid to the internal interconnections and interactions among the various factors inducing the CMP. In this review, recent progresses on the mechanism of CMP in P. notoginseng were presented. The possible relationships among various factors were discussed, and an evaluation method for effects of various factors on the index of CMP was proposed. The future study on the CMP of P. notoginseng was also suggested. This review would provide a better understanding of the CMP, and also a theoretical basis for mitigating the CMP of this herb.