Termites (Blattodea: Termitoidae) as the dominant invertebrate decomposers are important for ecosystem function in tropical and subtropical ecosystems. However, the studies and applications of termite biodiversity in ecological management are limited for lack of standardized rapid sampling protocols. In order to provide approaches and directions for further studies on termite biodiversity and ecological management based on termites, this article summarized the termite functional classifications, sampling protocols, the responses of termite biodiversity to habitat’s differences and anthropogenic disturbances and their ecological indications.