Abstract: Various kinds of asexual propagules have been reported from different moss taxa. Asexual reproduction plays important roles in the adaptation of moss to environments, especially to the disturbed, unstable and extreme environments. The asexual propagules of moss can be divided into two main types, i.e., vegetative propagules and specialized asexual reproductive propagules, and the latter includes eight subtypes,i.e., deciduous shoot apices, flagella, caducous branchlets, bulbils, rhizoidal tubers, endogenous gemmae, gemmae, and caducous leaves. This paper summarized the morphological characteristics of propagules and their morphogenesis. The practical and potential applications of asexual propagules of moss in tissue culture, molecular study, and biotic crust formation in relation to dune or desert fixation as well as in garden construction were also introduced.

Key words: Photosynthesis of crop community, CO₂ flux density, Water use efficiency, Winter wheat