Abstract: Based on the investigation of some major water and soil eroded areas in the Yangtze River Basin in 198t, it is indicated by the author that the problem of water and soil erosion in this basin is more serious today than 1950s'. Therefore, an appeal is made to different .quarters for the necessity of taking resolute measures rapidly to prevent another arbitrary cuttings of limited amounts of trees. Otherwise, the danger of the Yangtze River being become a second Yellow River might be a fact before long.Besides these, some suggestions for the control of water and soil erosion in this basin are also put forward to the departments concerned for their studying and putting into effect.

Key words: Brassica napus, Seeding date, Component structure of yield, Accumulated temperature, Daylight hour