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生态学杂志 ›› 2020, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (9): 3118-3126.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202009.006

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纳米银对污水生物处理系统的影响

施丽婷,张雯雯,杨新萍*   

  1. (南京农业大学资源与环境学院环境科学与工程系, 南京 210095)
  • 出版日期:2020-09-10 发布日期:2021-03-10

Effects of silver nanoparticles on biological wastewater treatment systems.

SHI Li-ting, ZHANG Wen-wen, YANG Xin-ping*   

  1. (Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China).
  • Online:2020-09-10 Published:2021-03-10

摘要: 纳米银(silver nanoparticles, Ag-NPs)是目前商业化应用最多的纳米材料,因其优越的抗菌性能,广泛使用于纳米技术强化的消费品。释放到环境中的Ag-NPs随污水收集系统进入市政污水处理厂。市场上Ag-NPs产品日益增多,Ag-NPs与污水处理系统中微生物相互作用,可能影响污水处理厂的运行,引起人们广泛关注。污水中Ag-NPs去向和形态变化具有很大的不确定性。本文总结了Ag-NPs抗菌机制以及污水中Ag-NPs暴露对污水生物处理系统去除有机物、氮、磷等微生物的影响。为了降低Ag-NPs在水环境中的风险,今后需要关注的研究方向,包括:研究不同暴露时长下,Ag-NPs在污水中的形态转变,确定各种形态银的数量,寻求控制或消除Ag-NPs对污水处理系统微生物毒性作用的有效措施,为全面评估水体中Ag-NPs的环境风险提供依据。

关键词: 纳米银, 污水处理, 生物毒性, 环境风险

Abstract: Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) have been one of the most commercialized nanomaterials nowadays. Due to their strong antimicrobial properties, Ag-NPs are used extensively in a wide range of nanotechnology-enhanced consumer products. Their widespread production and utilization inevitably cause the release of Ag-NPs into wastewater collection and treatment plants. With the rapid increase in the number of Ag-NPs products in the market, there are particular concerns on the risks associated with the interactions between Ag-NPs and wastewater microorganisms, which would potentially threaten wastewater treatment functions. Although it is expected that Ag-NPs have inhibitive effects on microbial activities in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), their fate and transformation in wastewater remain unclear because of the complex and uncertainty of Ag-NPs in WWTPs. In this review, we summarized the antimicrobial behaviors of Ag-NPs in WWTPs and implications in the functions of microorganisms for removing organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus. To better understand the associated risks of Ag-NPs in WWTPs, we highlight current progress and knowledge gaps. Future perspectives are also proposed, including (1) characterization of the dynamics of Ag-NPs in WWTPs, (2) assessment of the potential toxicity of Ag-NPs to functional microorganisms (e.g. removing pollutants), and (3) development of strategies to mitigate the risks of Ag-NPs in WWTPs. These discussions deliver important theoretical basis for assessing environmental risks of Ag-NPs in sewage systems.

Key words: silver nanoparticles, wastewater treatment, biotoxicity, environmental risk.