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氮肥减量深施对双季稻产量和氧化亚氮排放的影响

彭术1,2,3,张文钊2,3,侯海军2,3,王华1*,陈安磊2,3,魏文学2,3   

  1. (1湖南农业大学生物科学技术学院, 长沙 410128;2中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室,长沙 410125;3桃源农业生态试验站, 长沙 410125)
  • 出版日期:2019-01-10 发布日期:2019-01-10

Effects of reduction and deep placement of nitrogen fertilizer on rice yield and N2O emissions from double cropping paddy field.

PENG Shu1,2,3, ZHANG Wen-zhao2,3, HOU Hai-jun2,3, WANG Hua1*, CHEN An-lei2,3, WEI Wen-xue2,3   

  1. (1College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; 2Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; 3Taoyuan Station of Agro-ecology Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture,  Changsha 410125, China).
  • Online:2019-01-10 Published:2019-01-10

摘要: 稻田生态系统是重要的N2O排放源,氮肥施用是促进稻田N2O排放的主要影响因素之一。研究合理的氮肥管理措施对减少稻田N2O排放和维持水稻高产具有重要意义。本研究以湖南典型红壤双季稻田系统为对象,以常规施氮(CF,早、晚稻施氮量均为150 kg N·hm-2)为对照,在氮肥深施条件下,设置3个减氮水平(分别减氮30%、23%和16%),研究氮肥减量深施对双季稻产量及N2O排放的影响,连续2年的田间试验。结果表明:通过化肥点状深施到土表下约7 cm,减少30%氮肥用量可以显著提高双季稻有效穗数和实粒数,使双季稻平均增产5%;氮肥减量深施可显著降低双季稻田的N2O排放;减氮30%处理的早、晚稻季N2O累积排放量较CF处理降低了57%和72%;氮肥减量深施还影响双季稻田N2O排放模式;CF处理的N2O排放峰值出现在分蘖期,而氮肥减量深施处理除在双季稻返青期和成熟期略有N2O排放,其余生育期间几乎无N2O排放。通过氮肥深施,适当减少氮肥施用量可以维持双季稻产量稳定和降低双季稻田N2O排放。

关键词: Granier经验公式, 毛白杨, 热扩散式探针, 树干液流

Abstract: Paddy field is an important N2O emission source. Nitrogen fertilization is one of the main influencing factors for N2O emissions from paddy field. Therefore, it is significant to clarify reasonable nitrogen fertilization to maintain high rice yield and reduce N2O emissions. With the conventional fertilization as control (CF, 150 kg N·hm-2 in the early and late season rice, respectively), three nitrogen application rates (nitrogen fertilizer reduction 30%, 23%, and 16%, respectively) were set up with deep placement to examine the effects of reduction and deep placement of nitrogen fertilizer on rice yield and N2O emissions from double cropping paddy field. The results of a two-year field experiment showed that, through applying chemical fertilizers at a depth of 7 cm in soil,  nitrogen fertilizer reduction 30% significantly increased the numbers of productive ear and grains and increased grain yield by 5%. Reduction and deep placement of nitrogen fertilizer obviously reduced N2O emissions from double cropping paddy field. Compared with CF treatment, nitrogen fertilizer reduction 30% significantly diminished the accumulative emission of N2O by 57% and 72% in the early and late growing season, respectively. In addition, reduction and deep placement of nitrogen fertilizer changed the N2O emission pattern. The N2O emission peak appeared at the tillering stage in the CF treatment, while there was only low N2O emission at the seeding establishment and ripening stages in the treatments with reduction and deep placement of nitrogen fertilizer. In conclusion, rational nitrogen fertilizer reduction combined with deep placement can maintain grain yield and mitigate N2O emissions from double cropping paddy field.

Key words: Populus tomentosa, Granier empirical formula, sap flow, thermal dissipation probe (TDP)