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不同耕作措施对伊犁河谷夏大豆农田土壤碳排放、碳平衡及经济效益的影响

安崇霄,张永杰,杜孝敬,符小文,徐文修*,厍润祥,房彦飞   

  1. (新疆农业大学农学院, 乌鲁木齐 830052)
  • 出版日期:2020-03-10 发布日期:2020-03-10

Effects of different tillage measures on soil carbon emission, carbon balance and economic benefits of summer soybean cropland in Ili River valley.

AN Chong-xiao, ZHANG Yong-jie, DU Xiao-jing, FU Xiao-wen, XU Wen-xiu*, SHE Run-xiang, FANG Yan-fei   

  1. (College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China).
  • Online:2020-03-10 Published:2020-03-10

摘要: 为探明北疆伊犁河谷滴灌条件下促进夏大豆增产增效且实现农田生态系统固碳增汇的适宜耕作措施,于2017年在滴灌条件下,设置翻耕(T)、深松(ST)、翻耕覆膜(TP)与免耕(NT)4种土壤耕作措施,研究4种耕作措施对北疆夏大豆农田土壤呼吸、碳排放量、植株固碳量、经济效益及产量的影响。结果表明:不同耕作措施土壤呼吸速率峰值均出现在花期至结荚期,各处理间夏大豆土壤呼吸速率、呼吸总量、植株固碳总量和产量均以翻耕覆膜最高,深松次之,并均显著高于翻耕与免耕,免耕最低;不同耕作措施夏大豆农田生态系统碳平衡均表现为正碳平衡,在农业生产资料的各项投入中,均以灌溉用电的投入排碳量最高,占各处理的生产资料总排碳量的54.33%~65.24%,其中翻耕覆膜又因增加了地膜的投入,致使其农业生产资料排碳量和成本投入与其余3种处理呈显著性差异(P<0.05),表现为深松处理的经济效益与净碳吸收量最高,翻耕覆膜次之,使得碳的生产力、碳的经济效益、碳的生态效益均以深松最好,总体表现为ST>TP>T>NT;深松与翻耕覆膜均能够显著提升农田生态系统固碳与增产增效。综合考虑经济效益、生产投入以及地膜的回收率,深松具有最大净碳吸收量、最优经济效益与碳效益值,可以优先作为该地区农田实现增产增效以及固碳增汇的耕作措施。

关键词: 生长发育, 日光温室, 干重分配, 模拟模型, 黄瓜

Abstract: To get the suitable cultivation measures to increase summer soybean yield as well as efficiency and realize carbon sequestration in cropland under drip irrigation in Yili River valley, northern Xinjiang, we set up four kinds of soil tillage measures including tillage (T), subsoiling tillage (ST), tillage with plastic film (TP), and no-tillage (NT) in 2017 under the drip irrigation condition. We examined the changes of soil respiration, carbon emissions, plant carbon sequestration, economic benefits and yield of summer soybean cropland in northern Xinjiang. The results showed that the peak value of soil respiration in different tillage measures occurred from flowering stage to pod-bearing stage. Soil respiration rate, total respiration rate, total plant carbon sequestration and yield of summer soybean were the highest in tillage with plastic film, followed by subsoiling tillage, which were significantly higher than that in tillage and no-tillage, with the lowest under no-tillage. Carbon balance of summer soybean cropland ecosystem under different tillage measures was positive. Among various inputs of agricultural production means, the irrigation electricity had the highest carbon emission, accounting for 54.33%-65.24% of the total under each treatment. The carbon emission and cost input of the agricultural production means in TP were significantly different from other three treatments due to the increased input of mulching film (P<0.05). The results showed that subsoiling had the highest economic benefits and net carbon absorption, followed by tillage with plastic film. Further, subsoiling had the best carbon productivity, carbon economic benefits and carbon ecological benefits. The overall performance was ST>TP>T>NT. Subsoiling tillage and plastic film with tillage can significantly improve carbon sequestration and production efficiency in cropland ecosystem. Considering the economic benefits, production input and recovery rate of plastic film, subsoiling tillage has the maximum net carbon absorption, optimal economic benefits and carbon efficiency value, and thus it has a priority for application to increase production efficiency and carbon sequestration in this region.

Key words: sunlight greenhouse, simulation model, cucumber, dry matter allocation, growth and development