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南海北部近海竹荚鱼栖息地分布特征

晏然1,2,范江涛1,徐姗楠1,许友伟1,孙铭帅1,陈作志1*   

  1. 1中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所, 农业部外海渔业开发重点实验室, 广州 510300;2上海海洋大学海洋科学学院, 上海 201306)
  • 出版日期:2018-08-10 发布日期:2018-08-10

Distribution characteristics of jack mackerel (Trachurus japonicus) habitat in the offshore waters of northern South China Sea.

YAN Ran1, 2, FAN Jiang-tao1, XU Shan-nan1, XU You-wei1, SUN Ming-shuai1, CHEN Zuo-zhi1*   

  1. (1Key Laboratory of OpenSea Fishery Development, Ministry of Agriculture; South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China ; 2College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China).
  • Online:2018-08-10 Published:2018-08-10

摘要: 根据2014—2017年南海北部近海渔业资源调查的8个航次数据,结合遥感影像数据,包括海表温、盐度、叶绿素,对近海竹荚鱼空间分布的季节性变化进行分析。将单位捕捞努力量渔获量(catch per unit effort,CPUE)作为适宜性指数(suitability index,SI),分别采用最大值法、最小值法、算术平均法、几何平均法按季度建立栖息地适宜性指数(habitat suitability index,HSI)模型,并对各模型进行精度检验。结果表明:SI模型拟合准确,均呈单峰分布;几何平均法更适用各季HSI建模,模型平均准确度达到92%,CPUE高的渔场主要分布于HSI大于0.6的海域,其他HSI高值海域为潜在渔场。对各季环境因子进行主成分分析,发现海表温的影响最为显著。研究表明,栖息地适宜性指数模型可较好分析南海北部近海竹荚鱼资源丰度及空间分布。

关键词: 高寒草甸, 养分限制, C∶N∶P化学计量, 草地退化, 土壤胞外酶

Abstract: We analyzed the temporal and spatial distribution of jack mackerel (Trachurus japonicus) in the offshore northern South China Sea, based on the eight-cruise data of the offshore fishery resource survey in the northern South China Sea from 2014 to 2017 and remote sensing image data, including sea surface temperature, sea salt surface mass concentration, and chlorophyll concentration. We established habitat suitability index (HSI) model for each season with utilization of maximum model, minimum model, arithmetic mean model and geometric mean model separately. The catch per unit effort (CPUE) was used as suitability index (SI). The accuracy of each model was tested. The results showed that each SI model fitted accurately and had a normal distribution. Geometric mean model was better for habitat modeling, with an average accuracy of 92%. The area of high biomass mainly distributed in area with HSI more than 0.6, and the other area of high HSI would be potential fishing grounds. Results from principal component analysis showed that sea surface temperature was the most significant factor affecting the distribution of offshore jack mackerel. Our results indicated that HSI models can be used to analyze abundance and spatial distribution of offshore jack mackerel resources in the northern South China Sea.

Key words: nutrient limitation, grassland degradation, C:N:P stoichiometry, alpine meadow, soil extracellular enzyme.