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基于地形因子的长白山高山苔原土理化性质空间差异

刘羽霞,许嘉巍*,靳英华,朱瑞帅,牛莉平,王嫒林,张英洁   

  1. (东北师范大学地理科学学院, 长春 130024)
  • 出版日期:2017-03-10 发布日期:2017-03-10

Spatial variability of soil physicochemical properties in the alpine tundra of Changbai Mountain in relation to topographic factors.

LIU Yu-xia, XU Jia-wei*, JIN Ying-hua, ZHU Rui-shuai, NIU Li-ping, WANG Ai-lin, ZHANG Ying-jie   

  1. (School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China).
  • Online:2017-03-10 Published:2017-03-10

摘要:

为说明长白山高山苔原土壤理化性质的空间差异,并为反演长白山高山苔原变化过程提供基础数据,在长白山苔原带选取132个土壤采样点,提取海拔、坡度、坡向、坡位4个地形维度;测定13项土壤理化指标,对其进行变异分析、相关分析及因子分析;对土壤理化指标与地形维度进行回归分析和冗余分析。结果表明:(1)长白山高山苔原土的有机质和速效养分含量均较高,有机质含量为22.96%;土壤偏酸性,pH平均值为4.86;去除砾石后土壤颗粒组成中,粉粒含量最高,沙粒次之,黏粒再次。各理化性质指标之间存在较高的相关性,经过因子分析,将13个理化性质转化为无机养分供应因子、颗粒组成因子、有机养分供应因子。(2)海拔主要影响土壤的养分供应因子,包括无机养分和有机养分,在研究区海拔范围内(2049~2239 m),与养分含量呈正相关;坡度主要影响土壤的有机养分供应因子,与养分含量呈负相关;坡位主要影响颗粒组成因子。(3)冗余分析结果表明,海拔、坡度、坡向、坡位4个地形因子能解释42.8%的土壤理化性质变化,第一轴解释了28.2%的变化信息,第二轴解释了14.6%的变化信息。在长白山苔原带,影响土壤理化性质空间分异的主要地形因子是海拔和坡度。
 

Abstract: In order to illustrate the spatial differences of tundra soil physical and chemical properties and provide basic data for retrieving alpine tundra change processes in Changbai Mountain, we collected 132 soil samples. Four topographic factors including elevation, slope, slope aspect, and slope position were selected and 13 soil physicochemical properties were analyzed. We conducted semivariogram analysis, correlation analysis and factor analysis on these properties, and regression analysis and redundancy analysis between soil physicochemical properties and topographic factors. Results showed that: (1) The contents of available nutrients and organic  were high, with an average content of 22.96% for organic matter. The soil was acidic, with an average pH value of 4.86. The particle composition was silt>sand>clay after removing the gravels. Correlation between soil physicochemical properties was high. Three types of factors (inorganic nutrient supply factors, soil particle composition factors, soil organic nutrient supply factor) were derived from 13 soil physicochemical properties. (2) Elevation was the main topographic factor affecting inorganic nutrient supply and organic nutrient supply within the altitude range from 2049 to 2239 m, and it was positively correlated with nutrient content. Slope was the main topographic factor affecting soil organic nutrient supply, and it was negatively correlated with organic nutrient content. Slope position was the main topographic factor of soil particle composition. (3) Elevation, slope, slope aspect and slope position explained 42.8% of variation of soil physicochemical properties, while the first axis explained 28.2% of the variation, the second axis explained 14.6% of the variation. Among the four topographic factors, elevation was the most important factor on the variation of soil physicochemical properties, followed by slope.