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深水免耕移栽稻草覆盖栽培模式对晚稻温室气体排放及产量的影响

傅志强**,刘依依,龙攀,钟娟,龙文飞   

  1. (湖南农业大学农学院, 长沙 410128)
  • 出版日期:2015-05-10 发布日期:2015-05-10

Effects of deep water irrigation with notillage and straw mulching on greenhouse gases emissions and yield of late rice.

FU Zhi-qiang**, LIU Yi-yi, LONG Pan, ZHONG Juan, LONG Wen-fei   

  1. (College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China)
  • Online:2015-05-10 Published:2015-05-10

摘要:

为了全面评价南方双季稻“早水晚用”节水栽培模式的意义,通过大田小区试验研究了晚稻移栽期灌深水+免耕移栽+稻草覆盖节水栽培模式对产量与温室气体排放的影响。结果表明:与常规栽培相比,在水稻齐穗期,节水栽培模式提高了9.6%~15.2%的光合速率(P<0.01),但单叶水分利用率降低了13.3%~17.4%(P<0.01);节水栽培模式降低了每穗总粒数和结实率,导致减产显著(P<0.05);灌水深20 cm的甲烷排放量较对照减排了6.1%,而灌水深15和10 cm分别增排了6.5%和4.0%,同时灌水深20和15 cm节水模式较对照增排了N2O;灌水深20 cm节水模式的增温潜势和单位产量CO2排放当量均低于常规灌溉。因此,在南方稻区晚稻生产采用“移栽期蓄水深20 cm+免耕移栽+稻草覆盖节”节水栽培模式可以确保晚稻种植,同时减排温室气体,具有良好的经济生态效益。
 

关键词: 表达分析, 谷胱甘肽还原酶, GR2基因, 酶活分析, 白菜型油菜

Abstract:

In order to comprehensively evaluate ecological significance of the watersaving cultivation mode “reserving water in early rice to use for late rice” in double cropping rice of southern China, a field experiment was conducted to explore the combined effects of deep water irrigation in rice translating stage with notillage and rice straw mulching on yield and greenhouse gases emissions. The results showed that, compared with the convention cultivation (CK), the photosynthetic rates of watersaving cultivation mode were increased by 9.6%-15.2% at the heading stage of rice (P<0.01), whereas the water use efficiency of single leaf was decreased by 13.3%-17.4% (P<0.01). Also, the watersaving cultivation model reduced the number of spikelets in single panicle and the setting rate, subsequently decreasing the rice yield significantly (P<0.05). Compared with CK, CH4 emission in the 20cmwaterlayer irrigation treatment was reduced by 6.1%, but was increased by 6.5% and 4.0% in the 15 and 10cmwaterlayer irrigation treatments, respectively. Meanwhile, the N2O emissions in the 20 and 15cmwaterlayer irrigation treatments were increased. On the whole, the global warming potential (GWP) and CO2 equivalent emissions per unit of yield in the 20cmwaterlayer irrigation treatment were lower than that of CK. In conclusion, watersaving cultivation model of 20cmwaterlayer irrigation in the transplanting stage with no-tillage and straw mulching can ensure the success of late rice transplanting, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve economic and ecological benefits of rice farming.
 

Key words: GR2 gene, enzyme activity analysis, Brassica campestris, expression analysis, glutathione reductase