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土壤酸化危害及防治技术研究进展

于天一,孙秀山,石程仁,王才斌**   

  1. (山东省花生研究所, 山东青岛 266100)
  • 出版日期:2014-11-10 发布日期:2014-11-10

Advances in soil acidification hazards and control techniques.

YU Tian-yi, SUN Xiu-shan, SHI Cheng-ren, WANG Cai-bin**   

  1. (Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao 266100, Shandong, China)
  • Online:2014-11-10 Published:2014-11-10

摘要:

目前我国酸化土壤呈现面积大、分布广及酸化程度高等特点,酸化土壤的结构差、肥力低且有毒重金属含量高,影响作物生长发育,严重威胁粮食安全及农田可持续发展。本文就土壤酸化的成因及危害、耐酸作物品种筛选及耐酸机制等方面进行了论述,对土壤酸化防治措施提出了相应的对策,指出今后的研究重点应放在以下几方面:(1)进一步研究脱硫技术和好氧堆肥技术,从而减少氮、硫氧化物的排放;(2)研制并推广低成本、肥效持久以及环境危害小的中性(碱性)肥料,提高氮肥利用率,减少由过量施用生理酸性肥料带来的酸化危害;(3)加强作物根际致酸性研究,筛选“耐酸性强、致酸性低”的作物品种;(4)研究豆科作物与禾本科作物轮作模式及轮作年限对土壤酸度的影响,探索豆科作物与禾本科作物间作轻简化栽培模式,以缓解由单作豆科作物带来的土壤酸化问题。
 

关键词: Logistic回归, 广义估计方程, 长白落叶松人工林, 抚育间伐效应, 枯死模型

Abstract:

At present, there exists a large area of soil acidification with wide distribution and high degree of acidification in China. Acidified soil with poor structure, low fertility and high toxic heavy metal contents generally affects crop growth, and thus poses a serious threat to food security and sustainable agricultural development. In this paper, the causes and hazards of soil acidification, acidresistant crop varieties screening and acidresistant mechanisms were discussed, and the acidification prevention measures were proposed. The potential areas and priorities on soil acidification study in China were: (1) to further study the desulfurization technology and aerobic composting technology for reducing emissions of SOx and NOx; (2) to develop and popularize neutral or alkaline fertilizers with low cost, long effectiveness and low environmental harmfulness for improving fertilizer use efficiency and reducing acidification caused by applying acidreleasing fertilizers excessively; (3) to strengthen the research of rhizosphereinduced acidity and screen crop varieties with high acid tolerance and low rhizosphereinduced acidity; (4) to investigate the effects of legumes and cereal crop rotation patterns and crop rotation age on soil acidity, explore simplified intercropping cultivation patterns of legumes and cereal crops to alleviate the problems of soil acidification caused by monoculture legumes.
 

Key words: mortality model, effects of thinning, Logistic regression, Larix olgensis plantation, generalized estimating equation