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生物降解地膜覆盖对棉田土壤水-热-盐及产量的影响

邓方宁1,林涛2*,何文清3,夏文1,张昊1,尔晨1,陈春帆1,汤秋香1*   

  1. 1新疆农业大学农学院, 乌鲁木齐 830052; 2新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所, 乌鲁木齐 830091; 3中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 北京 100081)
  • 出版日期:2020-06-10 发布日期:2020-06-10

Effects of biodegradable plastic film mulching on soil moisture, temperature, salinity and yield of cotton field.

DENG Fang-ning1, LIN Tao2*, HE Wen-qing3, XIA Wen1, ZHANG Hao1, ER Chen1, CHEN Chun-fan1, TANG Qiu-xiang1*#br#   

  1. (1College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; 2Research Institute of Industrial Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China; 3Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China).
  • Online:2020-06-10 Published:2020-06-10

摘要: 为明确生物降解地膜覆盖对棉田水分、热量、盐分及产量的影响,在南疆绿洲棉区设置4种生物降解地膜(T1、T2、JF、BSF),以PE地膜为对照,分析了不同生物降解地膜对棉田保墒、增温、抑盐的调控效果及产量的影响。结果表明:BSF处理的保水性能与PE地膜相当,T1、T2、JF处理保水性能则不如PE地膜;JF、BSF处理抑盐效果优于PE地膜,0~60 cm土层平均含盐量分别比PE地膜低0.3、0.4 g·kg-1,其他处理抑盐效果则不如PE地膜。JF、BSF处理的地温分别比PE地膜高0.3、1.6 ℃,其他处理则低于PE地膜;不同生物降解地膜覆盖对ETa影响不显著,但显著影响单株结铃数与水分利用效率,地膜降解越早,单株结铃数越少,水分利用效率越低;BSF处理在籽棉产量方面高于其他处理,但比PE地膜低20.2%。本研究为该地区棉田生物降解地膜的筛选及安全性评价提供了科学依据。

Abstract: To examine the effects of biodegradable film mulching on soil moisture, temperature, salinity and yield of cotton fields, four kinds of biodegradable mulch films (T1, T2, JF, BSF) and ordinary PE mulch film (control) were applied in the oasis cotton filed of southern Xinjiang. We analyzed the roles of different biodegradable mulch films in preserving soil moisture, rising soil temperature, restraining soil salinity, and their effects on yield of cotton fields. The results showed that watersaving capability of BSF treatment was comparable to that of PE film, while that of T1, T2 and JF treatment was not comparable with PE film. The effect of restraining soil salinity of JF and BSF treatments was better than that of PE film, with mean salt content of 0-60 cm soil layer of JF and BSF treatments being 0.3 and 0.4 g·kg-1 lower than that of PE film, respectively. The effect of restraining salinity of other treatments was lower than that of PE film treatment. Soil temperature in JF and BSF treatments was 0.3 and 1.6 ℃ higher than that of PE film treatment respectively, while that of other treatments was lower than that of PE mulch. Different biodegradable mulch films did not differ in their effects on ETa, but significantly varied in their effects on the number of bolls per plant and water use efficiency. The earlier the mulch films degraded, the less number of bolls per plant, the lower water use efficiency. Seed cotton yield under BSF treatment was higher than that of other treatments, but was 20.2% lower than that of PE film treatment. Our results provide scientific support for the screening and safety evaluation of biodegradable mulch films in the study region.