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废弃冶炼厂重金属镉向周边的扩散及其风险评价

图雅日拉1,黄道友2*,许超2,曾希柏1*,苏世鸣1,王亚男1,白玲玉1   

  1. (1中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所农业部农业环境重点实验室, 北京 100081;2中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所,亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室, 长沙 410125)
  • 出版日期:2019-10-10 发布日期:2019-10-10

Diffusion and risk assessment of cadmium from an abandoned smelter.

Tuyarila1, HUANG Dao-you2*, XU Chao2, ZENG Xi-bai1*, SU Shi-ming1, WANG Ya-nan1, BAI Ling-yu1   

  1. (1Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China; 2Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China).
  • Online:2019-10-10 Published:2019-10-10

摘要: 废弃工矿区及周边地区重金属等污染物的生态风险隐患较高,了解其污染特征对防止污染源扩散十分关键。本研究按地形、水流走向等布点,采集了64个0~20 cm表层土壤样品,应用反距离权重插值(IDW)和数理统计相结合的方法,以及地累积指数评价法,探究湖南长沙某废弃冶炼厂重金属Cd向周边的扩散及土壤Cd污染的风险。结果表明:废弃冶炼厂周边土壤中有不同程度的Cd富集现象,其Cd含量在0.09~6.96 mg·kg-1,平均1.18mg·kg-1,超过当地土壤Cd背景值,是《土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)》中风险筛选值的2.95倍,地积累指数平均值达中重度污染水平。IDW插值结果表明:污染高值区主要分布在调查区东部原废水排放小溪两侧,且与废弃冶炼厂距离越远,小溪两侧土壤的Cd含量逐渐降低;在沿风向分布上,亦有随冶炼厂距离越远土壤Cd含量越低的趋势;不同土地利用方式下,土壤Cd含量呈现为园地>水田>菜地>裸露地。研究结果为工矿源重金属排放管理提供了依据。

关键词: 植物间交互作用, 林下层植被, 林下层去除试验, 森林经营管理

Abstract: Soils around the abandoned industrial and mining area have high ecological risk due to the accumulation of heavy metals. Thus, better understanding of the pollution characteristics of heavy metals is conducive to the control of pollutant diffusion. In this study, 64 soil samples of 0-20 cm layer were collected according to the topography and water flow direction in the surrounding farmland of an abandoned smelter in Hunan Province. The diffusion risk of cadmium (Cd) was examined using the methods of inverse distance weighted interpolation (IDW), mathematical statistics, and geoaccumulation index evaluation. The results showed that obvious Cd accumulation in surrounding soils of the abandoned smelter. Soil Cd contents varied from 0.09 to6.96 mg·kg-1, with an average of 1.18 mg·kg-1, which exceeds the local background value for soil Cd and is about 2.95 times of the risk screening value in the Soil Environment Quality: Risk Control Standard for Soil Contamination of Agriculture Land in China. The average geo-accumulation index reached the level of medium and heavy pollution. The IDW results showed that the high-pollution area was mainly distributed on the banks of stream which was used as a pool of wastewater discharge and located in the eastern part of the survey area. Soil Cd contents decreased gradually with the distance from the smelter along the stream banks. Furthermore, soil Cd contents decreased with the distance from the smelter along the wind direction. Soil Cd contents under different land use patterns were in the order of garden > paddy field > vegetable field > bare land. These results provide a basis for the management of heavy metal emissions from industrial and mining sources.

Key words: plant-plant interaction, understory vegetation, understory removal experiment, forest management.