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城市绿地中鹊鸲繁殖期和非繁殖期夜栖地选择

潘扬1,2,高吉喜3,周可新2,安树青1,原宝东4*   

  1. (1南京大学生命科学学院, 南京 210046;2生态环境部南京环境科学研究所, 南京 210042;3生态环境部卫星环境应用中心, 北京 100094;4商丘师范学院生物与食品学院, 河南商丘 476000)
  • 出版日期:2019-09-10 发布日期:2019-09-10

Night roosting habitat selection of oriental magpie robin (Copsychus saularis) during breeding and non-breeding stages in urban green land.

PAN Yang1,2, GAO Ji-xi3, ZHOU Ke-xin2, AN Shu-qing1, YUAN Bao-dong4*   

  1. (1School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China; 2Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecoloy and  Environment, Nanjing 210042, China; 3Satellite Environment Center, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100094, China; 4College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, Henan, China).
  • Online:2019-09-10 Published:2019-09-10

摘要: 夜栖地是昼行性鸟类夜间重要的栖息场所,鸟类对夜栖地的选择有明显偏好性。随着城市化加剧,城市绿地逐步成为城市鸟类生存的庇护所,如何适应城市环境的干扰并安全夜栖于城市绿地中是鸟类在不同生活史阶段均需面临的问题。为探讨城市绿地中鸟类的夜栖地选择,本研究于2014年3月至2015年2月在广西宜州市区龙江河畔,采用系统调查法对鹊鸲(Copsychus saularis)繁殖期和非繁殖期的夜栖树种、夜栖地特征的17个生态因子进行了比较。结果显示:鹊鸲共选择15种夜栖树,繁殖期和非繁殖期的树种选择差异极显著,2个时期均选择5种夜栖树,其中利用频次较高的是桂花(Osmanthus fragrans)、杧果(Mangifera indica)和佛肚竹(Bambusa ventricosa)。主成分分析发现,繁殖期和非繁殖期夜栖地选择的主要因素均是栖树、栖枝隐蔽性以及周围安全性因素,其他栖枝、水源和食物因素次之,最后为干扰因素;其中,栖树和栖枝高度、乔木、草本和栖枝下方盖度等9个生态因子在2个时期间具有差异性。城市鹊鸲在生活史不同阶段选择最适夜栖地,体现出对强干扰城市生境的适应性。在未来城市绿化配置和建设中需增加具不同栖枝、树高和盖度特征的乔木树种,提高灌木和草本植被多样性,以满足不同鸟类对城市绿地中夜栖地的需求。

关键词: 森林地表土壤含水率, TDR-300, 微波遥感, 全极化SAR, BP神经网络模型, 多元线性回归模型

Abstract: Night roosting site is a vital habitat for diurnal birds. Birds can show obvious preference in the selection of night roosting habitat. With the acceleration of urbanization, urban green land has gradually become a kind of habitat shelter for urban birds. How to adapt to the disturbance of urbanization and roost safely at night in the urban green land is a vital problem faced by birds. To explore the night roosting habitat selection of urban birds, we collected data on night roosting trees and 17 ecological factors related to the roosting site of oriental magpie robin (Copsychus saularis) in breeding stage and non-breeding stage, from March of 2014 to February of 2015 in Yizhou City of Guangxi Province. The results showed that oriental magpie robin selected 15 night roosting tree species. There was significant difference in the selection of tree species between breeding and non-breeding period. In both periods, the most frequently used tree species were Osmanthus fragrans, Mangifera indica and Bambusa ventricosa among the five tree species selected by oriental magpie robin. The results of principal component analysis showed that the main factors of night roosting habitat selection in breeding and non-breeding period were the concealment of roosting tree and perch and surrounding safety factors, followed by the other perch factors, water source, and food factors, and the last factor was disturbance. For nine factors, there were significant differences between the two periods, including the height of roosting tree and perch, the coverage of tree and herb, the coverage under roosting perch. Oriental magpie robin tended to select suitable night roosting habitat at different stages of life history, reflecting the high adaptability to urban environment with strong disturbance. In the future configuration and construction of urban green land, it is necessary to increase the arbor species with variable perch, tree height and coverage characteristics, and improve the diversity of shrub and herb, so as to meet the needs of night roosting habitat selection from different bird species.

Key words: moisture content of forest surface soil, TDR-300, microwave remote sensing, Quad-pol SAR, BP neural network model, multivariate linear regression model.