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土壤动物对茂兰喀斯特森林凋落物分解过程中元素释放的作用

龙健*,张明江,赵畅,吴求生,吴劲楠,黄博聪,张菊梅   

  1. (贵州师范大学贵州省山地环境重点实验室, 贵阳 550001)
  • 出版日期:2019-09-10 发布日期:2019-09-10

Effects of soil fauna on element release during litter decomposition in Maolan karst forest.

LONG Jian*, ZHANG Ming-jiang, ZHAO Chang, WU Qiu-sheng, WU Jin-nan, HUANG Bo-cong, ZHANG Ju-mei   

  1. (Guizhou Key Laboratory of Mountain Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China).
  • Online:2019-09-10 Published:2019-09-10

摘要: 为探究喀斯特地区土壤动物对凋落物分解过程中的质量损失贡献率和元素释放作用,选取茂兰喀斯特原生林中两个典型常绿树种青冈(Cyclobalanopsis glauca)与单性木兰(Kmeria septentrionalis)凋落物为研究对象,采用3种不同孔径(5、2、0.03 mm)网袋进行为期1年的野外分解实验,分析凋落物的质量损失和元素含量的变化及其与土壤动物群落的关系。结果表明,土壤动物对茂兰喀斯特森林凋落物的质量损失贡献率为42.0%~45.9%,大型土壤动物对混合凋落物(1∶1混合)的质量损失作用最大,中小型土壤动物对单性木兰凋落物的质量损失作用最大。土壤动物对单性木兰凋落物中N元素的释放有促进作用或抑制作用,对青冈+单性木兰混合凋落物N元素的释放表现为促进作用;对Ca元素的释放在单性木兰凋落物主要表现为促进作用;对P、K元素释放作用规律较为复杂,且与凋落物种类有关;对C、Mg元素的释放作用不明显。总之,土壤动物对高质量(低C/N)凋落物单性木兰的质量损失和元素释放作用较为显著,为理解茂兰喀斯特地区森林凋落物的分解机制提供了参考依据。

关键词: 年均降水量, 空间插值方法, 地统计分析, 黄土高原

Abstract: To explore the effects of soil fauna on litter mass loss and the release of elements during decomposition, litters of two typical evergreen tree species, Cyclobalanopsis glauca (CG) and Kmeria septentrionalis(KS), were selected to conduct a field decomposition experiment with three different mesh sizes (5, 2 and 0.03 mm) of litterbags for one year in the virgin forest of Maolan karst area. The relationships between litter mass loss, changes of element contents and soil fauna communities were analyzed. The results showed that the contribution of soil fauna to litter mass loss of those two species ranged from 42.0% to 45.9%. Soil macrofauna had the maximum contribution to the mass loss of the mixed litter (CG+KS, with a ratio of 1:1), while meso and microfauna had the minimum contribution to the mass loss of KS litter. Soil fauna promoted or inhibited N release from the KS litter, and promoted N release from the mixed litter. Soil fauna promoted Ca release from the KS litter. The effects of soil fauna on P and K release were relatively complicated and depended on litter types. There was no effect of soil fauna on the release of C and Mg. In conclusion, the effects of soil fauna on mass loss and nutrient release were more significant in the high quality (with low C/N ratio) litter, such as that of KS. Our results provide a reference for understanding the mechanism of litter decomposition in Maolan karst forest.

Key words: annual average precipitation, spatial interpolation method, geo-statistic analyst, Loess Plateau.