环青海湖地区草地对气候变化和人类活动的响应

生态学杂志

环青海湖地区草地对气候变化和人类活动的响应

李玲¹,张福平^1*,冯起²,王虎威¹,魏永芬³,李肖娟¹,聂硕¹,刘洁遥¹

（¹陕西师范大学地理科学与旅游学院，西安 710119；²中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院，兰州 730000；³日本国立岐阜-大学流域圈科学研究中心，日本岐阜 501-1193）

出版日期:2019-04-10 发布日期:2019-04-10

Responses of grassland to climate change and human activities in the area around Qinghai Lake.

LI Ling¹, ZHANG Fu-ping^1*, FENG Qi², WANG Hu-wei¹, WEI Yong-fen³, LI Xiao-juan¹, NIE Shuo¹, LIU Jie-yao¹

(¹School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China; ²Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resource, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; ³River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan).

Online:2019-04-10 Published:2019-04-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以环青海湖地区为研究区，基于MODIS NPP数据、气象数据和Thornthwaite模型，估算了草地实际净初级生产力(actual net primary productivity, 简称NPP_A)和潜在净初级生产力(potential net primary productivity, 简称NPP_P)，并将NPP_P和NPP_A的差作为人类活动对净初级生产力的影响(net primary productivity influenced by human, 简称NPP_H)，在此基础上，分析了草地NPP_A的时空变化以及气候变化和人类活动对草地的影响。结果表明：2000—2015年，环青海湖地区的年均草地NPP_A为176.93 g C·m^-2·a^-1；16年来环青海湖地区草地NPP_A呈波动增加趋势，在空间分布上，草地NPP_A从西到东呈逐渐增加的态势；16年来环青海湖地区87.42%的区域草地发生恢复，12.58%的区域发生退化，总体上草地以恢复为主；在气候变化和人类活动对草地恢复的影响中，由气候变化主导草地恢复的比例为10.98%，由人类活动主导草地恢复的比例为5.27%，而人类活动和气候变化共同主导草地恢复的比例为83.75%，气候变化和人类活动的共同作用是草地恢复的主导力量；在气候变化和人类活动对草地退化的影响中，仅由气候变化主导草地退化的比例为6.28%，由人类活动主导草地退化的比例为50.75%，两者共同主导的草地退化的比例为42.97%。可见，草地的局部退化主要是由于不合理的人类活动导致的，如过度放牧、草地开垦和土地覆盖变化等。

关键词: 杉木林, 毛竹林, 穿透雨, 林冠截留, 常绿阔叶林, 树干径流

Abstract: The actual (NPP_A) and potential (NPP_P) net primary productivity in the area around Qinghai Lake were calculated based on MODIS NPP data, meteorological data and Thornthwaite model. The difference between NPP_P and NPP_A was used to quantify the impacts of human activities on net primary productivity (NPP_H). The temporal and spatial changes of grassland NPP_A, as well as the effects of climate change and human activities on grassland were analyzed. From 2000 to 2015, the average NPP_A was 176.93 g C·m^-2·a^-1. In addition, NPP_A exhibited a generally increasing trend between 2000 and 2015. In terms of spatial distribution, NPP_A increased gradually from west to east. 87.42% of the grasslands were restored, whereas only 12.58% were degraded between 2000 and 2015. For the effects of climate change and human activities on grassland restoration, the climate change, human activities and their combined effect of climate change and human activities contributed to 10.98%, 5.27% and 83.75%, respectively. For the effects of climate change and human activities on grassland degradation, the climate change, human activities and the combined effect of climate change and human activities contributed to 6.28%, 50.75%, and 42.97%, respectively. It is concluded that the grassland degradation in this area was mainly caused by irrational human activities, such as overgrazing, grassland reclamation and land cover change.

Key words: Chinese fir forest,  Phyllostachys pubescens forest, evergreen broad-leaved forest, throughfall, stemflow, interception.

李玲,张福平,冯起,王虎威,魏永芬,李肖娟,聂硕,刘洁遥. 环青海湖地区草地对气候变化和人类活动的响应[J]. 生态学杂志.

LI Ling, ZHANG Fu-ping, FENG Qi, WANG Hu-wei, WEI Yong-fen, LI Xiao-juan, NIE Shuo, LIU Jie-yao. Responses of grassland to climate change and human activities in the area around Qinghai Lake.[J]. cje.

[1]	李坚锋, 潘萍, 欧阳勋志, 彭松立, 邓文平, 宁金魁. 庐山常绿阔叶林种间联结性及物种共存机制 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2022, 41(8): 1474-1481.
[2]	周润惠, 天成, 喻静, 向琳, 陈聪琳, 张瀚文, 李婧, 郝建锋. 碧峰峡常绿阔叶林不同群落物种多样性和土壤理化性质 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2022, 41(1): 1-8.
[3]	雷丽群,郑路,农友,刘士玲,李华,黄德卫. 降雨特征对红锥人工林降水分配格局的影响 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2020, 39(2): 460-468.
[4]	杨旭, 卢琦, 夏焰, 黄苛, 朱睦楠, 颜绍馗. 常绿阔叶林土壤动物群落对白符虫兆（Folsomia candida）添加的响应 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2020, 39(10): 3221-3230.
[5]	李亦然,马睿,张永涛,程甜甜,李泽东,牛勇. 基于Gash修正模型模拟侧柏及其混交林的林冠截留过程 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2019, 38(5): 1331-1338.
[6]	蔡春菊,范少辉,刘希珍,刘广路. 毛竹向杉木林扩展过程中细根适应策略 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2019, 38(4): 967-972.
[7]	李楚均,陈小梅,温小浩,林敏丹,许展颖. 城市化背景下珠江三角洲常绿阔叶林群落结构及植物多样性 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2019, 38(11): 3298-3305.
[8]	李张敏,陈伏生,方向民,万松泽,李晓东,王辉民,卜文圣. 残落物去除对杉木林4种林下植物养分含量和化学计量比的影响 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2018, 37(7): 2092-2099.
[9]	汤显辉,张一平,武传胜,罗康,梁乃申. 哀牢山亚热带常绿阔叶林土壤温湿度对极端降雪的响应 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2018, 37(6): 1833-1840.
[10]	孙蒙柯,程林,王满堂,李曼,孙俊,陈晓萍,钟全林,程栋梁. 武夷山常绿阔叶林木本植物小枝生物量分配 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2018, 37(6): 1815-1823.
[11]	杨林,王明,王传华. 神农架地区次生林主要树种林冠雨的氮磷营养特征 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2018, 37(4): 1018-1025.
[12]	雷丽群,农友,陈琳,韦菊玲,何远,梁永科. 广西马尾松和红锥纯林降水再分配及冠层淋溶效应 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2018, 37(10): 2889-2895.
[13]	任世奇1,2,3,项东云2,3,肖文发1*,陈健波2,3,梁燕芳4,杨中宁4,唐庆兰2,3,伍琪2,3. 广西南宁桉树人工林降雨再分配特征 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2017, 36(6): 1473-1480.
[14]	李颖1,2,姜小龙2,邓敏2,李谦盛1. 乌冈栎的潜在分布模拟及分析 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2017, 36(10): 2971-2978.
[15]	苏渝钦1,2,刘何铭1,2,郑泽梅1,2*,林莉1,2,李彬彬1,2,王希华1,2. 氮磷添加对中亚热带常绿阔叶林土壤有效氮和pH值的影响 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2016, 35(9): 2279-2285.