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基于水文与土地覆盖的三江平原湿地恢复

黄妮1,2;刘殿伟1;王宗明1;张柏1;宋开山1   

  1. 1中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所, 长春 130012;2中国科学院研究生院, 北京 100039
  • 收稿日期:2008-06-11 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2009-03-10 发布日期:2009-03-10

Wetland restoration in Sanjiang Plain based on hydrology and land cover.

HUANG Ni1,2;LIU Dian-wei1;WANG Zong-ming1;ZHANG Bai1;SONG Kai-shan1   

  1. 1Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130012, China;2Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
  • Received:2008-06-11 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2009-03-10 Published:2009-03-10

摘要: 以RS为数据源,GIS为数据处理和分析平台,在获得三江平原2005年土地覆盖数据和相对土壤湿度数据的基础上,确定了三江平原受保护的区域与适合进行湿地恢复的区域,再引入临近度准则、斑块面积准则,构建湿地恢复地点选择模型,分析了三江平原湿地恢复的潜力等级,依照恢复潜力的大小来确定湿地恢复的空间位置以及先后顺序。结果表明,耕地是现有湿地恢复区的主要来源,尤其是相对土壤湿度高的耕地。一级恢复区的面积为529261 hm2,占三江平原总面积的4.86%,该区域一般地势低洼,水分供应充足,恢复成湿地的潜力最大,是近期实施湿地恢复的区域;二级恢复区的面积为73724 hm2,占三江平原总面积的0.68%,该区域具有较大的斑块面积,且距离现有的湿地或水域不远,如果恢复成湿地,对于进一步增加湿地斑块之间的连通性、减少栖息地破碎化,将有很大贡献,可以作为中远期实施湿地恢复的区域;三级恢复区在整个研究区范围内都有分布,占三江平原总面积的21.11%,考虑到三江平原作为中国商品粮豆基地的重要性,以及目前的经济发展水平,该区域为目前不需要进行湿地恢复。

关键词: 薇苷菊乙醇提取物, 桔全爪螨, 控制作用

Abstract: By using RS and GIS techniques and the data of land cover and soil rel ative humidity in 2005, the regions to be preserved and those suitable for wetla nd restoration in Sanjiang Plain were ascertained, and the site selection model for the wetland restoration was established via the introduction of proximity cr iterion and patch size criterion. In the meantime, the potential grades of the r estoration were analyzed, and the sites’ spatial position and priorities for th e restoration were determined. The results showed that in the present wetland re storation regions, farmlands, especially those with high soil relative humidity, were the main sources for wetland restoration. The area of first-grade restoration region was 529261 hm2, accounting for 486% of the total area of Sanjiang Plain. Because of its low terrain and plentiful water, this region had great potential of restoring to wetland, and was the region of implementing wet land restoration in recent years. The area of second-grade restoration region was 73724 hm2, accounting for 068% of the total. This region had larg er patch area, and was not far from the extant wetland and water body. If it cou ld be restored to wetland, this region would contribute more to the further incr ease of the connectivity among wetland patches and the decrease of habitat fragm entation, being able to be used for wetland restoration in mid- and long terms. Third-grade restoration region was widely distributed in the Plain, ac counting for 2111% of the total. Considering of the importance of Sanjiang Pla in as the commodity grain and bean base in China and the present economic develo pment level, this region didn’t need to implement wetland restoration at presen t.

Key words: Alcohol extract from Mikania micrantha, Panonychus citri, Control effect