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生态学杂志 ›› 2021, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (3): 835-843.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202103.026

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于水系连通的开都河生态需水及供水量分析

纪昌明,曹成琳,王弋*   

  1. (华北电力大学水利与水电工程学院, 北京 102206)
  • 出版日期:2021-03-10 发布日期:2021-03-17

Analysis on ecological water demand and supply of Kaidu River based on water system connection.

JI Chang-ming, CAO Cheng-lin, WANG Yi*   

  1. (School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China).
  • Online:2021-03-10 Published:2021-03-17

摘要: 开都河是中国最大内陆淡水湖博斯腾湖的源流,开都河的水资源量和调度对焉耆盆地的生产、生活、生态及博斯腾湖和流域水系连通起着关键的作用。如何确保其生态基流、稳定生态功能是流域水资源科学管理面临的重要问题。本文提出改进的Tennant法,利用1971—2016年大山口水文站径流资料,通过划分周期综合考虑研究时段径流资料,并改进对应基流标准,计算分析了开都河丰、枯等不同时期的生态基流量和对应最小生态需水量。结果表明:在“三条红线”地表用水量控制情况下以及去除河损后,研究期各年份开都河最小生态需水量基本能得到满足,但对于偏枯水年及特枯水年来说,剩余水量较少,河流基本生态需水量保障形势严峻;开都河在保证其自身最小生态需水量、河损及地表用水量后,剩余水量在丰、平水年均能支撑博斯腾湖及流域水系连通生态需水保障任务,但在偏枯和特枯水年无法满足对博斯腾湖的生态供水。研究结果将为维护开都河流域生态健康和流域的水资源可持续利用提供重要的依据。

关键词: 生态基流, 开都河, 水系连通, 水资源管理

Abstract: Kaidu River is the source of Bosten Lake, the largest inland fresh water lake in China. The regulation of water resources in Kaidu River plays a key role in the production, living, and ecology of the Yanqi Basin and also in the watersystem connection between Bosten Lake and other water body in the basin. Ensuring the ecological basic flow and stable ecological function in Kaidu River is important for the effective management of water resources in the basin. We first improved Tennant Method by dividing the runoff data into different periods and improving the corresponding base flow standard. With the observed runoff data from Dashankou hydrological station in 1971-2016, we analyzed the ecological base flow and corresponding minimum ecological water demand of different periods at high and low flow period. The results showed that the minimum ecological water demand of Kaidu River in each year could be basically satisfied under the conditions of considering river water loss and the government’s surface water usage controlling rules of “Three Red Lines”. However, in the semidry and extremely dry years, the remaining water in the river is little, and thus the situation to guarantee the basic ecological water demand of the river would be severe. After ensuring the minimum ecological water demand, river water loss and surface water consumption, the surplus water of Kaidu River could serve for the ecological water demand of Bosten Lake and its watersystem connection in both wet and normal years. However, it could not satisfy the ecological water supply to Bosten Lake in the semidry and extremely dry years. Our results provide important guidance for maintaining ecological health and sustainable utilization of water resources in Kaidu River Basin.

Key words: ecological basic flow, Kaidu River, water-system connection, water resource management.