施氮量对不同茬口冬小麦产量及氮肥利用率的影响

生态学杂志

施氮量对不同茬口冬小麦产量及氮肥利用率的影响

史校艳,王志强^*,谷庆昊,常明娟,胡俊杰,任永哲,辛泽毓,林同保^*

(河南农业大学农学院，郑州 450046)

出版日期:2019-07-10 发布日期:2019-07-10

Effects of nitrogen application on yield and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat with different former crops.

SHI Xiao-yan, WANG Zhi-qiang^*, GU Qing-hao, CHANG Ming-juan, HU Jun-jie, REN Yong-zhe, XIN Ze-yu, LIN Tong-bao^*

(College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China).

Online:2019-07-10 Published:2019-07-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探明不同茬口及施氮量对冬小麦产量及氮肥利用率的影响，以“豫农211”为材料，采用二因素裂区设计。主因素为玉米单作（SM）、玉米大豆间作（MS）、大豆单作（SS）3个茬口，副因素为N0(0 kg·hm^-2)、N180(180 kg·hm^-2)、N240(240 kg·hm^-2)、N300(300 kg·hm^-2) 4个施氮量。结果表明：不同施氮水平下，与玉米单作相比，玉米大豆间作和大豆单作茬口冬小麦产量增幅分别为4.74%～10.01%、5.12%～17.05%，且均显著增加；茬口对小麦穗数及穗粒数均有显著影响，对千粒重影响不显著，与玉米单作相比，大豆单作和玉米大豆间作茬口穗数增幅分别为10%～15%、4%～19%，穗粒数增幅分别为2%～21%、4%～20%；施氮量对小麦穗数及千粒重有显著影响，对穗粒数影响不显著；不同茬口与施氮量的交互作用对穗粒数和千粒重差异均达显著水平；同一施氮处理下，茬口处理间氮肥农学利用效率和偏生产力均表现为大豆单作>玉米大豆间作>玉米单作，且在N180和N240水平下均达显著水平；结合施氮量与产量拟合曲线，相比玉米单作茬口，大豆单作及玉米大豆间作在保证冬小麦产量的同时降低了氮肥的投入，在生产实践中对不同茬口下小麦施氮量具有指导意义；玉米单作茬口，冬小麦最佳经济产量施氮量和最高产量施氮量分别为243和262 kg·hm^-2；大豆单作和玉米大豆间作茬口，最佳经济产量施氮量分别为196和210 kg·hm^-2，最高产量施氮量分别为205和222 kg·hm^-2。

关键词: 生态学实验, 研究网络, 先验概率, 公众科学, 野外实验

Abstract: To explore the response of yield and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat to different former crops and nitrogen application levels, a split plot experiment with wheat ‘YN211’ was conducted. Factors in the main plots were three former crops, including sole maize (SM), maize intercropped with soybean (MS), and sole soybean (SS). In the subplots, there were four nitrogen levels, N0 (0 kg·hm^-2), N180 (180 kg·hm^-2), N240 (240 kg·hm^-2), and N300 (300 kg·hm^-2). The results showed that compared with SM, winter wheat yield significantly increased by 4.74%-10.01% and 5.12%-17.05% in MS and SS respectively under different nitrogen levels. Former crops had significant effects on spike number and kernel number per spike, but had no effect on 1000kernel weight. Compared with SM, winter wheat spike number increased by 10%-15% and 4%-19%, and kernel number per spike increased by 2%-21% and 4%-20% in SS and MS, respectively. Nitrogen application had a remarkable effect on spike number and 1000kernel weight, but had no effect on kernel number per spike. Former crops and nitrogen application interacted to affect grain number per spike and 1000kernel weight. Under same nitrogen application levels, the agronomic efficiency and partial factor productivity (PFP) of nitrogen fertilizer was the highest in SS, followed by MS and SM, which were significant at the nitrogen levels of N180 and N240. Based on the equation of N application level against yield, the yield of winter wheat was stable in SS and MS when the N application level was reduced, which has practical implications for guiding fertilization in wheat production under different former crops. The nitrogen application levels of optimum economic yield and maximum yield in winter wheat were 243 and 262 kg·hm^-2 under SM, respectively. In SS and MS, the nitrogen application levels of optimum economic yield were 196 and 210 kg·hm^-2, and those of maximum yield were 205 and 222 kg·hm^-2, respectively.

Key words: ecological experiment, research network, prior probability, filed experiment, citizen science

史校艳,王志强,谷庆昊,常明娟,胡俊杰,任永哲,辛泽毓,林同保. 施氮量对不同茬口冬小麦产量及氮肥利用率的影响[J]. 生态学杂志.

SHI Xiao-yan, WANG Zhi-qiang, GU Qing-hao, CHANG Ming-juan, HU Jun-jie, REN Yong-zhe, XIN Ze-yu, LIN Tong-bao. Effects of nitrogen application on yield and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat with different former crops.[J]. cje.