生物质炭对黄瓜连作土壤中微生物量碳氮及酶活性的影响

生态学杂志

生物质炭对黄瓜连作土壤中微生物量碳氮及酶活性的影响

张志龙¹,陈效民^1*,曲成闯¹,陈粲²,张俊³,黄春燕³,刘云梅³

(¹南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院，南京 210095；²南京信息工程大学应用气象学院，南京 210044；³如皋市农业科学研究所，江苏如皋 226500)

出版日期:2019-05-10 发布日期:2019-05-10

Effects of biochar addition on soil microbial biomass C, N and enzyme activities in cucumber continuous cropping.

ZHANG Zhi-long¹, CHEN Xiao-min^1*, QU Cheng-chuang¹, CHEN Can², ZHANG Jun³, HUANG Chun-yan³, LIU Yun-mei³

(¹College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; ²College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; ³Rugao Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rugao 226500, Jiangsu, China).

Online:2019-05-10 Published:2019-05-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本研究旨在探索添加生物质炭对黄瓜连作土壤中微生物量及酶活性的影响，为减缓土壤连作障碍提供科学依据。本试验设置CK(不施生物质炭)、C₁(5 t·hm^-2)、C₂(10 t·hm^-2)、C₃(20 t·hm^-2)、C₄(30 t·hm^-2)和C₅(40 t·hm^-2)共6个处理，采集第三季黄瓜成熟期0～20 cm土样，分析了添加生物质炭对土壤微生物量碳氮及酶活性的影响。结果表明：土壤微生物量碳氮随生物质炭添加量的增加呈现先增加后降低的趋势；C₂处理和C₃处理微生物量碳较CK处理分别提高了70.62%和81.09%（P<0.01）；与CK处理相比，C₂处理和C₃处理的微生物量氮呈极显著增加(P<0.01)；土壤酶活性也呈现出先增加后降低的趋势；与CK处理相比，C₂、C₃和C₄处理的过氧化氢酶活性呈极显著增加(P<0.01)，C₄处理脲酶的活性提高了84.08%(P<0.01)，而碱性磷酸酶活性在C₃、C₄和C₅三个处理中均呈极显著性增加(P<0.01)。由聚类分析可知，6个处理在欧氏距离为1.01时可以划分为4个类群，分别是CK类、C₁类、C₂-C₃类以及C₄-C₅类；添加生物质炭可以增加土壤微生物的数量，以减缓连作障碍；当生物质炭添加水平为20 t·hm^-2时，微生物量碳氮提高效果最为显著(P<0.01)；添加水平为20 t·hm^-2时过氧化氢酶活性最高，30 t·hm^-2时脲酶和碱性磷酸酶活性最高。

关键词: 森林破碎化, 景观镶嵌度指数, 马尔科夫模型

Abstract: he objectives of this work were to clarify the effects of biochar addition on microbial biomass and enzyme activities in continuous cropping soil and to provide scientific basis for alleviating soil continuous cropping obstacles. There were six rates of biochar application (0, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 t·hm^-2, designated as CK, C₁, C₂, C₃, C₄ and C₅, respectively). Soil samples from 0 to 20 cm layer were collected in the third season of cucumber ripening to measure soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities. The results showed that microbial biomass C and N increased at first and then decreased with the increases of biochar addition rate. C₂ and C₃ treatments significantly increased microbial biomass C by 70.62% and 81.09% (P<0.01). Meanwhile, significant increases in microbial biomass N were observed in C₂ and C₃ treatments (P<0.01). Soil enzyme activity was increased first and then decreased with increasing biochar application rates. C₂, C₃ and C₄ treatments significantly increased the catalase activity. Meanwhile, C₄ treatment significantly increased the urease activity by 84.08%. The alkaline phosphatase activities in C₃, C₄ and C₅ treatments showed significant increases. Results from the cluster analysis revealed that the six treatments could be classified into four distinct groups (CK, C₁, C₂-C₃, and C₄-C₅) when the Eudidean distance was 1.01. Furthermore, the highest values of microbial biomass C and N, catalase, and urease and alkaline phosphatase activities were obtained when the application rates of biochar were 20, 20, and 30 t·hm^-2, respectively.

Key words: forest fragmentation, landscape mosaic indicator, Markov model.

张志龙,陈效民,曲成闯,陈粲,张俊,黄春燕,刘云梅. 生物质炭对黄瓜连作土壤中微生物量碳氮及酶活性的影响[J]. 生态学杂志.

ZHANG Zhi-long, CHEN Xiao-min, QU Cheng-chuang, CHEN Can, ZHANG Jun, HUANG Chun-yan, LIU Yun-mei. Effects of biochar addition on soil microbial biomass C, N and enzyme activities in cucumber continuous cropping.[J]. cje.