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关键生育阶段持续干旱对东北春玉米光合特性的影响

蔡福1,米娜1,纪瑞鹏1,明惠青2,谢艳兵1,于文颖1,张玉书1*,高莉莉3#br#   

  1. (1 中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所, 沈阳 110166; 2 辽宁省气象服务中心, 沈阳 110166; 3锦州市气象局, 辽宁锦州 121000)
  • 出版日期:2017-06-10 发布日期:2017-06-10

Effects of continuous drought stress during key growth phases on photosynthetic characteristics of spring maize in Northeast China.

CAI Fu1, MI Na1, JI Rui-peng1, MING Hui-qing2, XIE Yan-bing1, YU Wen-ying1, ZHANG Yu-shu1*, GAO Li-li3#br#   

  1. (1 Institute of Atmospheric Environment, China Meteorological Administration, Shenyang 110166, China; 2Liaoning Province Meteorological Service Center, Shenyang 110166, China; 3Jinzhou Meteorological Service, Jinzhou 121000, Liaoning, China).
  • Online:2017-06-10 Published:2017-06-10

摘要:

采用持续无补水方式对东北春玉米“丹玉39”拔节至成熟阶段进行干旱胁迫处理,对干旱及复水过程中玉米光合特性进行动态观测,研究净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)等光合作用中主要变量以及表观量子效率(AQY)、最大净光合速率(Pnmax)、光补偿点(LCP)和光饱和点(LSP)等光合参数对干旱过程的响应特征。结果表明:PnTrGsCi随干旱持续均呈减小趋势,对干旱的响应在抽雄期比拔节期更为明显,TrPn更快,Ci在弱光条件下比强光更敏感;各变量对干旱后复水的响应差异较大,恢复能力随干旱时间的延长而下降,在抽雄期弱于拔节期;经历短期干旱复水后Pn会超过正常植株;Tr对复水的响应滞后于Pn,恢复能力弱于PnCi对干旱后复水的恢复在强光下更为敏感;各光合参数中,随干旱加重,AQY先增大后减小;Pnmax不断减小且响应速度加快,对复水的恢复能力逐渐下降;LCPLSP分别呈增大和减小趋势;除LCP与土壤湿度呈显著负相关关系外,AQYLSPPnmax以及光合作用可利用光强范围均随土壤湿度增大而显著增大。
 

Abstract: Based on water stress treatments in different key growth stages from jointing to mature periods of maize with the method of continuous nowater complementing for a long time, photosynthetic characteristics of spring maize Danyu 39 during the processes of drought of different levels and rehydration were dynamically measured. The response characteristics of the variables associated with photosynthesis including net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs) and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) as well as the photosynthetic parameters such as apparent quantum yield (AQY), maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pnmax), light compensation point (LCP) and light saturation point (LSP) to drought were investigated. The results showed that Pn, Tr, Gs and Ci decreased with the intensified continuous drought stress. In response to the drought, the variables mentioned above were more obvious in tasseling stage than in jointing stage, and Tr was faster than Pn, and Ci was more apparent under low than high light intensity. In addition, the responses of the variables to rewatering after the drought differed markedly and their restoration abilities declined with prolonged drought duration and were weaker in tinseling stages than in jointing stage. Specifically, the Pn of the plant suffering short drought exceeded that of the normal plant under condition of suitable soil moisture after rewatering. Meanwhile, the response of Tr to re-watering fell behind that of Pn and its restoration ability to rewatering after  drought was weaker than that of Pn. The response of Ci to rewatering after drought was more sensitive under high light intensity. Moreover, as the drought was worsened, AQY first increased then decreased; Pnmax diminished constantly with an increasing response speed and its recovery capability to rewatering decreased; LCP and LSP increased and decreased respectively. Furthermore, AQY, LSP, Pnmax and the range of available light intensity used by photosynthesis increased significantly with soil water content (SWC), while a significant negative correlation was found between LCP and SWC.