Abstract: The nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) concentration in plant tissues reflects carbon supply of the whole plant; however, the response of NSC to increasing nitrogen (N) deposition is poorly understood. Phyllostachys edulis is widely distributed in southern China and plays an important role in the construction of ecological environment in subtropical regions and the economic development in mountainous areas. An experiment was conducted in conventionally managed P. edulis plantations with three N addition treatments of 30, 60, 90 kg·hm^-2·a^-1, and the control (no fertilization) over a 32month period. The results showed that: (1) The soluble sugar was a major component of the NSC in P. edulis. (2) The NSC concentration in three organs of P. edulis was ranked by trunk (4.1%) > leaf (3.6%) > branch (3.3%). (3) The NSC concentration of leaf of 4-year-old P. edulis was significantly lower than that of 2-year-old one (P<0.05), the P. edulis age significantly influenced the NSC concentration in trunk (P<0.05) but not in branch (P>0.05). (4) N deposition significantly influenced the NSC concentrations of branch and trunk (P< 0.05), and the NSC concentrations of trunk under the low N addition treatment (30 kg·hm^-2·a^-1) was the lowest. (5) The interaction of N deposition and P. edulis age significantly influenced the NSC concentrations of the three organs (P<0.05). The moderate N deposition would promote the growth of P. edulis and contribute to more biomass carbon accumulation.