长江、黄河中上游省份退耕还林工程生态系统服务

生态学杂志

长江、黄河中上游省份退耕还林工程生态系统服务

师贺雄¹,王兵^1,2,牛香^1,2*#br#

（¹ 中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所，国家林业局森林生态环境重点实验室，北京 100091； ^2 北京林果业生态环境功能提升协同创新中心，北京 102206）

出版日期:2016-11-10 发布日期:2016-11-10

Ecosystem services of Grain for Green Project in the provinces of the upper and middle reaches of Yangtze and Yellow River.

SHI He-xiong¹, WANG Bing^1,2, NIU Xiang^1,2*#br#

(¹ Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, State Forestry Administration, Beijing 100091, China; ² Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Ecoenvironmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees, Beijing 102206, China).

Online:2016-11-10 Published:2016-11-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于截至2014年底长江、黄河中上游省份退耕还林工程资源面积数据，利用森林生态系统服务全指标体系连续观测与定期清查（简称森林生态连清）体系对其生态系统涵养水源、保育土壤、固碳释氧、林木积累营养物质、净化大气环境、生物多样性保护、森林防护等7项服务评估，并采用数据包络模型分析其特征。结果表明：研究区退耕还林工程生态系统服务总价值量为10071.5×10⁸元·a^-1，其中涵养水源服务价值量最高，占总价值量的36.54%；退耕还林工程3种植被恢复类型中，退耕地还林和封山育林生态系统服务能力发挥强于荒山荒地造林；3个林种类型中，生态林生态系统服务强于经济林和灌木林。数据包络模型分析表明，水土保持服务（包括涵养水源和保育土壤）在长江、黄河中上游省份发挥生态系统服务主导作用，碳汇、净化大气环境和生物多样性保护服务均与退耕区本底环境、水热条件、退耕树种有关，具有一定地域特征。据此，在退耕模式、树种选择和林地抚育时，应针对生态系统服务投入产出效益，提升工程技术有效性和规模有效性，增大退耕还林工程生态系统服务价值量产出。

关键词: 老化, 有效态砷, As(Ⅲ), 结合态砷

Abstract: Based on resource area data of Grain for Green Project in the provinces of the upper and middle reaches of Yangtze and Yellow River by the end of 2014, the continuous observation and periodical inventory of complete index system of forest ecosystem services (referred to as forest ecology continuous investigation) were applied to assess seven services, including water conservation, soil conservation, carbon fixation and oxygen release, trees’ nutrient accumulation, atmosphere purification, biodiversity conservation, forest protection, and their characteristics were analyzed by using data envelopment analysis model. The results showed that the total value of ecosystem services of Grain for Green Project in the study region was 10071.5×10⁸ yuan·a^-1, in which water conservation service had the highest value, accounting for 36.54% of the total value. Among the three vegetation restoration models of Grain for Green Project, ecosystem services of returning farmland to forests and closing hillsides to facilitate afforestation were better than those of afforestation on barren hills and wasteland. Among the three forest types, ecosystem services of ecological forests were better than those of economic forests and shrubs. Model of data envelopment analysis showed that water and soil conservation services (including water conservation and soil conservation) in the provinces of the upper and middle reaches of Yangtze and Yellow River played a leading role of ecosystem services. Carbon sequestration, atmosphere purification and biodiversity protection services were related to background environment, hydrothermal conditions and associated tree species of the returning farmland area, having certain regional characteristics. Accordingly, in the conversion mode and tree species selection and forest tending, the input/output efficiency of ecosystem services should be focused, to improve effectiveness of the engineering technology and scale, thus increasing the output of ecosystem services value of Grain for Green Project.

Key words: arsenite, aging, available As, combined As.

师贺雄1,王兵1,2,牛香1,2*. 长江、黄河中上游省份退耕还林工程生态系统服务[J]. 生态学杂志.

SHI He-xiong1, WANG Bing1,2, NIU Xiang1,2*. Ecosystem services of Grain for Green Project in the provinces of the upper and middle reaches of Yangtze and Yellow River.[J]. cje.