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不同程度干旱对春玉米生物量和产量影响的模拟

武荣盛1,吴瑞芬1**,孙小龙1,田磊2,侯琼1,张超1,孙琳丽3   

  1. 1内蒙古自治区气象局生态与农业气象中心, 呼和浩特 010051; 2安徽省蚌埠市气象局, 安徽蚌埠 233000; 3内蒙古自治区通辽市气象局, 内蒙古通辽 028000)
  • 出版日期:2015-09-10 发布日期:2015-09-10

Simulating the impact of drought on spring maize biomass and yield.

WU Rong-sheng1, WU Rui-fen1**, SUN Xiao-long1, TIAN Lei2, HOU Qiong1, ZHANG Chao1, SUN Lin-li3   

  1. (1Inner Mongolia Ecological and Agricultural Meteorological Center, Huhhot 010051, China; 2Bengbu Meteorological Bureau of Anhui Province, Bengbu 233000, Anhui, China; 3Tongliao Meteorological Bureau of Inner Mongolia, Tongliao 028000, Inner Mongolia, China)
  • Online:2015-09-10 Published:2015-09-10

摘要:

为了探究不同强度干旱对春玉米生长过程和产量形成的影响,本文基于WOFOST作物生长模型,分析了内蒙古地区春玉米在拔节-抽雄期和抽雄-乳熟期分别发生不同程度干旱对生物量和产量的影响。结果表明:随着干旱程度的加重,春玉米的灌浆强度、产量、生物量增长量和生物量的降幅均随之加大;复水后,灌浆强度和生物量增长量迅速恢复至无旱水平;相比无旱处理,在轻旱、中旱和重旱处理下,灌浆强度分别下降14.8%~15.4%、40.9%~42.9%和52.4%~60.8%,产量分别下降1.9%~6.1%、9.5%~15.4%和18.6%~25.8%,生物量增长量分别下降12.6%~12.8%,31.0%~35.5%和50.4%~50.8%,生物量分别下降2.9%~6.1%、6.9%~19.4%和12.0%~32.1%;拔节-抽雄期和抽雄-乳熟期两个生育阶段干旱影响的灌浆时段不同,抽雄-乳熟期干旱同时影响灌浆高峰期和衰减期的灌浆强度,故其导致的产量损失更为严重;这2个生育阶段干旱分别影响同化物积累的高峰期和衰减期,拔节-抽雄期干旱影响时间更长,生物量的降幅更为明显。
 

关键词: 根系构型, 外源葡萄糖, 低碳土壤, 氮素代谢

Abstract: Based on WOFOST crop growth model, we simulated the impacts of different drought intensities during jointing to tasseling and tasseling to milkripe stages on spring maize biomass and yield in Inner Mongolia. The results showed that the rates of grain-filling intensity, yield, biomass increment and biomass decreased with the increase of drought degree. After rewatering, the grain-filling intensity and biomass increment were rapidly restored to the level without drought. Grainfilling intensities under light drought, moderate drought and serious drought were reduced by 14.8%-15.4%, 40.9%-42.9% and 52.4%-60.8% respectively. Meanwhile, the yields were reduced by 1.9%-6.1%, 9.5%-15.4% and 18.6%-25.8%, the biomass increments were reduced by 12.6%-12.8%, 31.0%-35.5% and 50.4%-50.8%, and the biomasses were reduced by 2.9%-6.1%, 6.9%-19.4% and 12.0%-32.1% accordingly. The grain-filling period was differently affected by droughts from jointing to tasseling and from tasseling to milkripe stage. The yield loss was higher when the drought occurred from tasseling to milkripe stage because the grain-filling intensity at peak and decline phases was both influenced at this developmental stage. The droughts from jointing to tasseling stage and from tasseling to milkripe stage affected the peak and decline phases of assimilate accumulation, respectively. The duration of the impact by drought from jointing to tasseling stage was longer; therefore, the descent rate of biomass affected by drought was more obvious in this period than that from tasseling to milkripe stage.