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生态学杂志 ›› 2009, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (08): 1456-1461.

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

秦岭巴山冷杉(Abies fargesii)种群结构与动态

党海山;张燕君;张克荣;江明喜;张全发   

  1. 中国科学院武汉植物园水生植物与流域生态学重点实验室
  • 出版日期:2009-08-10 发布日期:2009-08-10

Population structure and its dynamics of Abies fargesii in Qinling Mountains.

DANG Hai-Shan;ZHANG Yan-Jun;ZHANG Ke-Rong;JIANG Meng-Chi;ZHANG Quan-Fa   

  1. Key Laboratory of Aquatic Plant and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences
  • Online:2009-08-10 Published:2009-08-10

摘要: 为了阐明秦岭巴山冷杉(Abies fargesii)种群的结构特征和动态规律,对位于秦岭中段南坡佛坪保护区内不同海拔分布的巴山冷杉种群的年龄结构、生命表以及存活曲线等进行了研究。结果表明: 在海拔2350、2500和2700 m,巴山冷杉种群都表现为衰退型,种群个体主要聚集在中龄级,幼龄级的个体都极度缺乏。在各海拔巴山冷杉种群生命表中,死亡量(dx)、死亡率(qx)和消失率(Kx)都为负值,反映了种群幼龄个体的缺乏程度。随着海拔的升高,幼龄级个体数量增加而大龄级个体数量减少。巴山冷杉种群生命表和存活曲线的分析表明,巴山冷杉种群个体存活量最多的年龄级和出现最大死亡率的年龄级都随着海拔的降低而依次后推。随着海拔的升高,巴山冷杉种群的分布格局由随机分布类型过渡为聚集分布类型。

关键词: 亚高山针叶林, 生态学过程, 人工恢复, 自然演替, 凋落物, 云杉

Abstract: To explore the population structure and its dynamics of Abies fargesii in the Foping National Nature Reserve on the south-facing slope of the middle Qinling Mountains, an investigation was made on the age structure, life table, and survival curve of the populations at different altitudes. All the A. fargesii populations at different altitudes (2350 m, 2500 m, and 2700 m) displayed a declined pattern. The majority of the individuals were in the middle age class, while the individuals in young age class were fewer. The mortality (dx), mortality rate (qx), and disappearance rate (Kx) of the A. fargesii populations were in negative values, showing that young trees were very insufficient at each altitude. With increasing altitude, young age class individuals increased, while elder age class individuals decreased. The analysis on the life table and survival curve of the A. fargesii populations indicated that the age classes of the individuals with the maximum survival rate and the maximum mortality rate all decreased with decreasing altitude, and the distribution pattern of the A. fargesii populations changed from random at low and mid altitudes (2350 m and 2500 m) to clumped at high altitude (2700 m).

Key words: Subalpine coniferous forest, Ecological process, Artificial restoration, Natural succession, Forest litter, Picea asperata